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The Operations and Modes of Thought.

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As philosophy is orientated on cognition and search of truth, it follows to interpret it as a process of philosopher (reasoning, reflection is on philosophical themes), as ability of філософувати. For a philosopher the process of search of truth weighs not less than, than truth.

A method (грец. methodos is a method of cognition) is an aggregate of rules of action (for example, set and sequence of certain operations), method, instruments which promote unbind of theoretical or practical problems.

Dialectics. It one of methods of philosophy, in obedience to which any phenomenon is in the process of change, development in basis of which, is co-operation (fight) of oppositions. He is most widespread among philosophical methods. A term results from ancient greek dialektike — to conduct an art conversation, polemic, dialog.

Fenomenologichniy method. Sees forming of concepts which philosophy operates the main task. In opinion of his supporters, it takes a place by intuitional consider (fight) of essences (general) in single. For example, phenomenologist will determine essence living, contemplating a concrete living creature; he will change in it all is possible; that which will not be added variation (what can not it will be be changed or cast aside) and make essence living.

Transcendental method. Inculcated in philosophy the German thinker And. Edging. Essence of him consists in that determination pure given through opening of subjective terms (principles) of his constituting.For example, a circle in geometry is determined as a continuous aggregate of points, equidistant from a center, but his essence can be exposed and through the method of his construction by a man (subject).

Germenevtika. This method got considerable distribution lately. He foresees penetration in sense of some phenomena on the basis of згясування of their place and function in a culture, that in the context of culture. Say, sense of concept «lives» clarification on the basis of functioning of him in a certain culture (in Greece, for example, all of space was thought as something living, a mechanistic world view erected him to the mechanism and others like that). A spirit of culture (unit) is basis of understanding separate (parts).

The analysis of all of philosophical methods refutes the ramshackle pictures of that, which exist only two methods — dialectics and metaphysics, asserts an idea about multiplicity of philosophical methods. Existence of various schools and directions in philosophy is explained exactly the variety of philosophical methods.




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