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Magistrates' courts deal with about 90 per cent of crimes. Sentences (that is, the punishment decided by the court) vary a lot but most people who are found guilty have to pay a fine. Magistrates' courts can impose fines of up to 2,000or prison sentences of up to six months. If the punishment is to be more severe the case must go to a Grown Court. Thee most severe punishment is life imprisonment: there has been no death penalty in Britain since 1965.
The level of recorded crime and number of people sent to prison both the average prison population was more 50,000 and new prisons had to be built as overcrowding had become a serious problem. The cost of keeping someone in prison was over 250 per week, which was more than the national average wage.
TASK I. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following expressions:
- уровень преступности;
- пожизненное заключение;
- смертная казнь;
- признаны виновными;
- содержание кого-либо в тюрьме;
- преступления рассматриваются в магистратских судах;
- накладывать штраф;
- приговор.
TASK 2. Match the words from the box-with the definitions below:
drug smuggling; shop-lifting; fraud; hijacking; kidnapping; arson; pick pocketing; mugging; theft.
a) they broke the window of his car and stole the radio;
b) they sold paintings that they knew weren't genuine masterpieces: said;
c) they illegally carried drags into another country;
d) they held a pistol at the pilot's head and he had to do what they
e) they set fire to the hotel;
f) they took some things off the shelves and left the supermarket without paying for them;
g) they took away the rich man's son and asked him for a lot of money;
h) they hit the man on the head as he was walking along the street, and stole all his money and credit cards;
i) they took her purse out other handbag as she was standing on the crowded platform waiting for the train.
TASK 3. Look at this list of "crimes ". Try and rate each crime on a scale from 1 to 9. (1 is a minor misdemeanor, 9 is a very serious crime). They are in no order.
- driving in excess of the speed limit;
- common assault (e.g. a fight in a disco-club);
- drinking and driving;
- malicious wounding (e.g. stabbing someone in a fight);
- murdering a policeman during a robbery;
- murdering a child;
- causing death by dangerous driving;
- smoking marihuana;
- selling drugs (such as heroin);- stealing Ј1,000 from a bank, by fraud.
TASK 4. Complete the following sentences: The bank robbery
Yesterday, robbers (a)___ (forced an entry into) the National Midland Bank in the High Street soon after closing time. They (b)______
(threatened with guns) the staff, and forced the manager to (c)________ (give them) 150,000 in cash. The robbers ran out of the bank and (d) (escaped) in a stolen car, and were last seen (e)________(going in the direction of) the London Road. Police have warned the public that these men are very dangerous, and are unlikely to (f)_________(surrender) without a fight. Said Chief Inspector Ralph Smith: "We're sure that we'll catch them soon. They won't (g) (avoid punishment for) it".
TASK 5. Read the text and translate it into Russian.
TASK 6. Prove.
1. The main purpose of law is to protect property ownership.
2. Trials in open court are more fair.
3. What is law for the ordinary people.
4. The judiciary is independent.
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