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MARIINSKY POSAD, TSIVILSK, YADRIN

The small towns in Chuvashia are quiet, cozy and green. They possess particular charm and fascinate with their special beauty.

Tsivilsk was founded in 1589 as a fortress. Many times the town was destroyed by peasant risings. Several times the town burnt but was always rebuilt. In the 17^th century it became a commercial and industrial centre. Merchants and craftsmen appeared among its citizens. In 1786 Catherine II visited Tsivilsk. In order to commemorate that event the public gardens were laid out. According to some legends the oaks were planted there in the form of the inscription "E II".

Nowadays we can see many merchant houses in Tsivilsk. The most prominent merchants were the Kurbatovs.

One of the remarkable sights of Tsivilsk is the Tikhvin Convent founded in 1671-1675. It was built by citizens of Tsivilsk to commemorate the Virgin for the miraculous escape of the town from Stenka Rasin.

Today Tsivilsk is an administrative and economical centre of the Tsivilsk district. There are two secondary schools, two boarding schools, a hospital, an art school and music school here.

Mariinsky Posad is a small town with population of 11,000 people. In 1856 local people of the ancient settlement Sundyr and neighboring villages applied for their transformation into a Posad (settlement), and asked to name it in honour of the Empress Maria Alexandrovna. So the town of Mariinsky Posad appeared. It is situated on two small rivers, the Maly and Bolshoi Sundyr, on the right bank of the Volga, 35km away from Cheboksary. Before the revolution Mariinsky Posad developed as the centre of timber and corn trade.

Nowadays the central part of Mariinsky Posad is represented by wooden 1-2 storey buildings. There are some architectural monuments there: several merchant houses, the ensemble of the Kazan Church, the Trinity Church. There are three secondary schools, three art and music schools, a vocational school, four libraries, and the Museum of Local Lore.

Yadrin is a town with population of 11,000 people. It is situated in the north-western part of the republic, 79km away from Cheboksary, on the bank of the Sura River. It was founded in 1590 as a military outpost in the eastern outskirts of the Russian state. The first inhabitants were military men; in the first half of the 17^th century 195 people lived in the town. At the beginning of the 18^th century Yadrin lost its military importance. The main occupation of the inhabitants was farming, trade and handicrafts.

The architectural image of the town is represented by wooden one-storey buildings and modern 2-5 storey houses. Among the most remarkable buildings are stone buildings of the 19^th century, the buildings of the district library and archive, the Trinity Church.