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Peculiar use of set expressions

Clichés - an expression that has become hackneyed and trite (избитый). Men of letters use the stock of expressive phrases contained in the language naturally and easily and well-known phrases never produce the impression of being cliches. A cliché has lost originality, ingenuity and impact by long over use. F.e. rose a dreams of youth. The patrol of little feet. Rising expectations. Growing awareness. it's got to get worse before it gets better. To think unthinkable thoughts. And it is there for necessary to avoid anything that may be called by that name.

Proverbs and Sayings are facts of language. They are collected in special dictionaries. Their typical features are: rhythm, rhyme, sometimes alliteration, but their main characteristic feature is their shortness. The peculiarity of the use of a proverb lies in the fact that the actual wording becomes a pattern. Thus the proverb presupposes a simultaneous application of two meanings the primary meaning and an extended meaning drown from the context. F.e. to cut one’s coat according to one’s cloths. Make a man healthy, wealthy and wise. Brevity manifests itself in the omission of connectives. F.e. out of sight out of mind. The main feature distinguishing proverbs and saying from ordinary utterance remains their semantic aspect. The main feature distinguishing proverbs and sayings from ordinary utterances remains their literal (буквальн) meaning, which is suppressed by transferred meaning. But they may also be used with modifications. Proverbs and sayings will never loose their freshness and vigor. They may also be used with modifications. F.e. safe and sound. In Byron’s verse: a live don Juan for the present, safe thus not sound. Even decomposing of the units may be used. F.e. it’s no use crying over spilt milk. Come! Milks spilt. F.e. it’s good fishing in troubled waters. The water’s may remain sufficiently troubled for somebody’s fishing to be profitable. F.e. the proof of the pudding the in the eating – the headline – proof of the pudding. Lewis Karol works – take care of the pens and the pounds will take care of themselves – take care of the sense and the sounds will take care of themselves.

Epigrams 1) Epigram is a stylistic device, akin (близкий) to a proverb, the only difference being that epigrams are coined by individuals whose names we know, while proverbs are the coinage of people. While using an epigram we make a reference to it’s author.2) Epigrams always have a literary bookish air about them which distinguishes from proverbs. 3) They have a greater degree of independence, a generalised function, they are also self-sufficient. 4) The most сharacteristic feature of epigrams is that the sentence gets accepted as a whole word-combination and often becomes part of the language. 5) Like proverbs they can be expanded to abstract notions. 6) Epigrams are often confused with aphorisms and paradoxes. The distinction is very subtle. Real epigrams are true to fact. F.e. a god that can be understood is no god. It is brief, generalizing, witty, and can be expended in its application. F.e. Byron in the days of old men made manners. Manners now made man. Another characteristic feature is brevity.