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| Geographical Names | No article | The Definite Article | Notes |
| 1. Continents, countries, cities, villages | a) As a rule Africa, Asia, France, London b) When modified by a prepositional attribute Latin America, Central Asia BUT: thevillage of Petrovka | When having a particularizing attribute · The Philadelphia he was born in… · Gone is the Moscow of the merchants and aristocrats · In his books W. Scott described the Englandof the Middle Ages | The following geographical names are always used with the: The United States, the United Kingdom of Great Britain, the Netherlands, the Hague, the Crimea, the Caucasus, the Sudan, the Lebanon, the Congo, the Argentine (but Argentina), the Cameroon, the Senegal |
| 2. Oceans, rivers, seas, channels/ canals, bays, deserts. | Hudson Bay Baffin Bay | The Pacific, the Black Sea, the Neva, the Sahara, the English Channel, the Suez Canal | |
| 3. Lakes | Lake Baikal Lake Ontario | The Baikal The Ontario | |
| 4. Mountains | ü Peaks: Everest Elbrus | ü Mountain chains The Alps The Urals | |
| 5. Islands | ü A single island: Madagascar Sicily | ü Island groups: The Bermudas The British Isles | |
| 6. Regions | North America Latin America Central Asia | The Middle East The North of England The Arctic The Antarctic | But: Western Canada Southern Spain |
| 7. Cardinal points | The South The North The West The East | But: From East to West From South to North | |
| Names of persons | a) As a rule no article is used ü There was a letter from Susan… b) Modified by attributes old, young, little, dear, poor etc,: ü She was a widow of poor George… | a)with a name in the plural to indicate the whole family: ü He is very different from the rest of the Kents. b)with the name modified by a particularizing attribute: ü Is he the Sheldonwho is a writer? | a)One member of a family: ü I have always wondered if Tim was a Smith. b)when names of persons become nouns indicating typical features of a well-known name: ü You are quite a Monte Cristo. c)names of persons when meaning “a certain”: ü I heard it from a John. |
| Nouns of relationship | a)Followed by a proper name: Uncle John Aunt Polly b)not followed by a proper name and used only by the members of the same family: ü She went into the hall: “Is Motherback?” | a)if other people’s relations are meant: ü The son was as clever as the father. b)Mind the expressions: ü Lomonosov was the son of a fisherman. ü Becky was the daughter of an artist. | |
| Nouns denoting ranks, titles, profession followed by a proper name | Professor Brown Doctor Brown Count Brown Mr/Mrs Brown | Nouns denoting profession followed by a proper name: ü The painter Warhol left many fine pictures. | |
| Nouns of places, buildings, public organizations etc. | |||
| Historical events | The French revolution | ||
| Public/ Political organizations | NATO, Parliament | TheSenate, the Houses of Parliament, theUnited Nations | |
| Public/ historical buildings | Westminster Abbey, St. Paul’s Cathedral, Buckingham Palace | TheBank of England, the Winter Palace, theTower Of London | |
| Documents | TheConstitution, the Declaration of Independence | ||
| Parties | TheLabour Party, the Tory | ||
| Names of papers and periodicals | TheTimes, theWashington Post | ||
| Businesses and chains of shops | General Motors, Sony, Shell | ||
| Ships, trains, spacecrafts | Appolo, Challenger | TheOrient Express, the Titanic | |
| Theatres, cinemas | Her Majecty’s | The Globe, theBolshoy, the Odeon, the Arbat | |
| Museums | TheBritish Museum, theHermitage, theTate Gallery | ||
| Parks | Hyde Park, St. James’s Park | TheBotanical Gardens, also parks in foreign countries: the Gorky Park (in Russia), theTiergarten (in Berlin) | |
| Schools, colleges, universities | Carnegy College, London University, Manchester Grammar School | TheUniversity of London | |
| Restaurants | Leoni’s | TheCage Royal | |
| Hotels | Brown’s | TheHilton | |
| Stations and airports | Heathrow, Sheremetyevo | ||
| Streets, squares | Tverskaya street Trafalgar Square Piccadilly Circus | The High Street, theStrand |
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