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Ancient Music

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A range of paleolithic sites have yielded bones in which lateral holes have been pierced: these are usually identified as flutes, blown at one end like the Japanese shakuhachi. The earliest written records of musical expression are to be found in the Sama Veda of India and in 4,000 year old cuneiform from Ur. Instruments, such as the seven-holed flute and various types of stringed instruments have been recovered from the Indus valley civilization archaeological sites. India has one of the oldest musical traditions in the world—references to Indian classical music (marga) can be found in the ancient scriptures of the Hindu tradition, the Vedas. The traditional art or court music of China has a history stretching for more than three thousand years. Music was an important part of cultural and social life in Ancient Greece: mixed-gender choruses performed for entertainment, celebration and spiritual ceremonies; musicians and singers had a prominent role in ancient Greek theater; music was part of children's basic education.

Al-Farabi wrote a notable book on music titled Kitab al-Musiqi al-Kabir ("Great Book of Music"). He played and invented a variety of musical instruments and devised the Arab tone system of pitch organisation, which is still used in Arabic music.

 

Ex. 1. Read and translate the text. Prepare for a discussion.

Граматичний матеріал: Прийменник.

We say:

in the morning(s) in the afternoon(s) in the evening(s) but on Friday morning(s) on Sunday afternoon(s) on Monday evening(s) etc.
• I'll see you in the morning. • Do you work in the evenings? • I'll see you on Friday morning. • Do you work on Saturday evenings?

We use at in these expressions:

at night at the weekend / at weekendsat Christmas at the moment / at present at the same time • I don't like going out at night. • Will vou be here at the weekend? • Do you give each other presents at Christmas? • Mr Benn is busy at the moment / at present. • Emily and I arrived at the same time.

We say:

in the morning(s) in the afternoon(s) in the evening(s) but on Friday morning(s) on Sunday afternoon(s) on Monday evening(s) etc.
• I'll see you in the morning. • Do you work in the evenings? • I'll see you on Friday morning. • Do you work on Saturday evenings?

 

Ex. 1. Put in at, on or in.
1. Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756.
2. I haven't seen Kate for a few days. I last saw her ________ Tuesday.
3. The price of elecrriciry is going up ________ October.
4. ________ weekends, we often go for long walks in the country.
5. I've been invited to a wedding ________ 14 February.
6. Jonathan is 63. He'll be retiring from his job ________ two years' time.
7. I'm busy just now, but I'll be with you ________ a moment.
8. Jenny's brother is an engineer, but he doesn't have a job ________ the moment.
9. There are usually a lot of parties ________ New Year's Eve.
10. I don't like driving ________ night.
11. My car is being repaired at the garage. It will be ready ________ two hours.
12. The telephone and the doorbell rang ________ he same time.
13. Mary and David always go out for dinner ________ their wedding anniversary.
14. It was a short book and easy to read. I read it ________ a day.
15. ________ Saturday night I went to bed ________ midnight.
16. We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived ________ 5 o'clock ________ the morning.
17. The course begins ________ 7 January and ends sometime ________ April.
18. I might not be at home ________ Tuesday morning, but I'll be there ________ the afternoon.

We use by in many expressions to say how we do something. For example, you can:
send something by post contact somebody by phone / by email / by fax
do something by hand pay by cheque / by credit card

• Can I pay by credit card?
• You can contact me by phone, by fax or by email.

But we say pay cash or pay in cash (not by cash).
We also say by mistake / by accident / by chance:
• We hadn't arranged to meet. We met by chance.

But we say 'do something on purpose' (= you mean to do it):
• I didn't do it on purpose. It was an accident.
Note that we say by chance, by cheque etc. (not by the chance / by a cheque). In these expressions we use by + noun without the or a.

In the same way we use by... to say how somebody travels:
by car / by train / by plane / by boat / by ship / by bus / by bike
etc.
by road / by rail / by air / by sea / by underground
• Joanne usually goes to work by bus.
• Do you prefer to travel by air or by train?

But we say on foot:
• Did you come here by car or on foot?

You cannot use by if you say my car / the train / a taxi
etc. We use by + noun without 'a/the/my' etc. We say:
by car but in my car (not by my car)
by train but on the train (not by the train)
We use in for cars and taxis:
• They didn't come in their car. They came in a taxi.

We use on for bicycles and public transport
(buses, trains etc.):
• We travelled on the 6.45 train.

Ex. 1. Put in by, in or on.
1. Joanne usually goes to work by bus
2. I saw Jane this morning. She was _____ the bus.
3. How did you get here? Did you come _____ train?
4. I decided not to go _____ car. I went _____ my bike instead.
5. I didn't feel like walking home, so I came home _____ a taxi.
6. Sorry we're late. We missed the bus, so we had to come _____ foot.
7. How long does it take to cross the Atlantic _____ ship?

Ex. 2. Put in by, in, on or with.
1.Have you ever been bitten by a dog?
2.The plane was badly damaged ______ lightning.
3.We managed to put the fire out ______ a fire extinguisher.
4.Who is that man standing ______ the window?
5. These photographs were taken ______ a friend of mine.
6. I don't mind going ______ car, but I don't want to go ______ your car.
7. There was a small table ______ the bed ______ a lamp and a clock ______ it.

Домашнє завдання:

1. Опрацювати текст за професійним спрямуванням.

2. Опрацювати граматичний матеріал, виконати запропоновані вправи.


Практичне заняття № 2

Тема заняття: Відкриття рахунку в закордонному банку громадянином України

 

1. Translate the given words. Read and translate the dialog.

Vocabulary:

 




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