Студопедия  
Главная страница | Контакты | Случайная страница

АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатика
ИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханика
ОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторика
СоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансы
ХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника

Primary Socialization

Читайте также:
  1. Adult Socialization and Resocialization
  2. Clear primary file. Очищает имя начального файла, заданное опцией Primary File.

<variant> орташа 4-5 пайызға өседі.

<variant>6-7%

<variant>10-15 %

<variant>15-20 %

<variant>20-25 %

 

 

ЕРМАКОВА М.В.

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ К УЧЕБНОМУ ПОСОБИЮ

Ястребовой Е.Б., Владыкиной Л.Г., Ермаковой М.В.

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ЯЗЫКОВЫХ ВУЗОВ

Для студентов факультета политологии

Данное пособие предназначено для студентов второго курса и содержит дополнительные тексты и упражнения к пособию Ястребовой Е.Б., Владыкиной Л.Г., Ермаковой М.В. «Английский язык для студентов языковых вузов». Цель данного пособия – развитие навыков чтения и устной речи, а также помощь студентам в подготовке к зачетам и экзаменам. Все тексты для данного пособия были взяты из периодической печати и из сети Интернет.

PART I

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS

Text I The Main Agents of Socialization

Pre-reading questions:

1. What do you know about the process of socialization?

2. Who do you think are the agents of socialization?

3. What are the main agencies of socialization?

4. How long does the process of socialization last?

Skim the text to find out if you have guessed right.

Primary Socialization

Socialization is an inevitable and crucial life-long process, which involves adapting to the behaviour patterns of an encompassing culture.

In most cases, the first primary relationship children form is with their parent(s) or guardians - the people who are charged with the initial socialization process. As they grow older and go to school, they also start to form primary attachments with friends and, eventually, with other adults.

Sociologically, people responsible for the process of socialization are normally referred to as agents of socialization and we can also speak about agencies of socialization (such as the family, the education system, the workplace, government agencies such as the police and so forth).

The first agency that takes responsibility for primary socialization, therefore, is some form of family (there are a number of different forms that could be identified in modern society) and the main agents of socialization are a child's parents and, in many cases, relations. In a family group children learn many of the basic characteristics of being human in terms of a particular society. For example, they learn how to walk, talk and use various tools, such as knives and forks.

Although mechanical skills are very important the family group does not just teach the physical or mechanical aspects of being human. Parents also try to shape the psychological development of their children, by trying to teach them things like the difference between right and wrong behaviour and by imposing moral and ethical values.

Although this socialization process is lengthy and complicated, it is important not to see it simply as a situation in which an agent of socialization, such as a parent, simply teachesbehaviour that is then copiedwithout question by the child. Although part of a child's socialization does involve copying the behaviour they see around them (children frequently copy adult roles through their play - "Mothers and Fathers", "Doctors and Nurses" and so forth), the child is also actively involved in the socialization process.

In fact, as children get older, they start to make decisions for themselves, based upon their experience in the world. In short, they consciously and actively try to manipulate the world and the people in it. In this respect, children start to learn how to deal with other people by understanding the type of behaviour that others expect of them, and their experience (prior learning) guides them towards the correct (in the sense of socially-acceptable) behaviour.

Thus, many of the things children learn through primary socialization stay with them for life. This is because, as human beings, children learn the basic principles involved with "being human", rather than simply a set of things they must or must not do. This is important, because it means that they can apply these principles to new and differentsituations. For example, they do not just learn how to relate to adults, they learn how to distinguish between different types of adults on the basis of their status and their relationship. They do not behave towards their parent in the same way that they behave towards an adult who is not familiar to them.




Дата добавления: 2015-01-05; просмотров: 37 | Поможем написать вашу работу | Нарушение авторских прав




lektsii.net - Лекции.Нет - 2014-2024 год. (0.006 сек.) Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав