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Урок 1. Анатомия человеческого тела (Anatomy of the human body)
Текстовый глоссарий:
| the head – голова the trunk - туловище the limbs (extremities) – конечности the skull – череп the brain – мозг the forehead – лоб the cheeks – щёки the chin – подбородок the external ear - наружное ухо the middle ear – среднее ухо the internal ear – внут-реннее ухо the mouth – рот gums – дёсна a tongue – язык a palate – нёбо the neck – шея the chest – грудь the abdomen – живот the lungs – лёгкие the heart – сердце the gullet - пищевод | the stomach – желудок the liver – печень the spleen – селезёнка the intestine – кишечник the kidneys – почки the gallbladder – желч-ный пузырь the bladder – мочевой пузырь bones - кости injury – травма muscles - мышцы the upper arm – верхняя часть руки the forearm – предплечье the elbow – локоть the wrist – запястье the hand – кисть руки a thumb – большой палец hip (the thigh) – бедро the knee – колено the calf – голень the ankle – лодыжка the skin - кожа |
The principal parts of the human body are the head, the trunk, and the limbs (extremities). The upper extremities are arms, the lower extremities are legs.
The head consists of two parts: the skull which contains the brain, and the face which consists of the forehead, the eyes, the nose, the mouth with the lips, the cheeks, the ears, and the chin.
The ear includes three principal parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the internal ear.
The mouth has two lips: an upper lip and a lower lip. In the mouth there are gums with teeth, a tongue and a palate.
The head is connected with the trunk by the neck. The upper part of the trunk is the chest and the lower part is the abdomen. The principal organs in the chest are the lungs, the heart, and the gullet. We breathe with the lungs and the heart makes beats.
The principal organs in the abdominal cavity are the stomach, the liver, the spleen, the intestines, the kidneys, the gallbladder and the bladder.
The framework of bones called the skeleton supports the soft parts and protects the organs from injury. The bones are covered with muscles.
The upper extremity is connected with the chest by the shoulder. Each arm consists of the upper arm, the forearm, the elbow, the wrist, and the hand. We have four fingers and a thumb on each hand.
The lower extremity (the leg) consists of the hip (the thigh), the knee, the calf, the ankle, and the foot. The body is covered with the skin.
Грамматика.
PRESENT SIMPLE
Время Present Simple обозначает действие в настоящем в широком смысле слова. Оно употребляется для обозначения обычных, регулярно повторяющихся или постоянных действий, например, когда мы говорим о чьих либо привычках, режиме дня, расписании и т. д., т. е.
Признаки:
always (всегда), usually (обычно), generally (обычно, как правило), occasionally (изредка, порой, от случая к случаю), frequently (часто), sometimes (иногда), often (часто), twice a year (дважды в год), once a week (один раз в неделю), every day (year, month), from time to time (время от времени), rarely (редко), every other day (через день), daily (ежедневно), monthly (ежемесячно).
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