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Касымжанова Г.Г. 3 страница

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153. Complex of processes, leading to distinction between maternal and filial cells, and also between filial cells:

a) differentiation

b) redifferentiation

c) dedifferentiation

d) regeneration

e) transpiration

 

154. Special type of tissue, formed on whole plant in result of its wound:

a) callus

b) meristem

c) apex

d) cambium

e) parenchyma

 

155. Principles of cells’ cultivation clear formulated by:

a) G.Gaberlandt

b) V.Kotte

c) V.Robbinson

d) Т.Murasige

e) F.White

 

156. Nutrient medium, which was used by G.Gaberlandt in experiments:

a) Knop

b) White

c) Gamborg

d) Hogland

e) Sniders

 

157. R.Rehinger tried to grow buds, cuts of the roots on:

a) moistured sand

b) agar medium

c) liquid medium

d) different media

e) firm surface

 

158. Growing of isolated parts and organs of plants first began by:

a) German scientists

b) alchemists

c) Russian scientists

d) scientists from different countries

e) English scientists

 

159. R.Harrison has grew in lymphatic liquid:

a) frog’s neuroblast

b) callus tissue

c) potato’s cells

d) cell’s embryoid

e) frog’s lymphoblast

 

160. Substances, stimulating cellular division:

a) cytokinines

b) auxins

c) vitamins

d) macroelements

e) microelements

 

161. Widely used nutrient medium, which was created in 1962 y:

a) Murasige-Skug

b) White

c) Shenk-Hil’debrandt

d) Nich and Nich

e) Gamborg-Evelang

 

162. Growth stimulating substance:

a) kinetin

b) mesoinosit

c) vitamin

d) bichromate

e) carbogel

 

163. Who is founder of biotechnology in Kazakhstan?

a) M.Aithozhin

b) G.Ualihanov

c) S.Columbaev

d) А.Udel’skaya

e) Zh.Zhardemaliev

 

164. Tissue, cultivated in “in vitro” conditions:

a) callus

b) strain

c) suspension

d) explant

e) intron

 

165. Plant, received from cell culture:

a) regenerate

b) explant

c) totypotent

d) strain

e) sort

 

166. Basic components of nutrient medium vitamins of:

a) group В

b) group А

c) group D

d) nicotinic acid

e) folic acid

 

167. Components of nutrient medium, assisting in regulation of plants physiological processes:

a) phytohormones

b) carbohydrates

c) iron helate

d) pectin

e) gelatin

 

 

168. Source of carbohydrates in media are:

a) sucrose

b) ribose

c) deoxyribose

d) galactose

e) tetrose

 

 

169. Aggregate of reactions connected to transcription and translation:

a) processing

b) biosynthesis

c) correlation

d) dissimilation

e) assimilation

 

170. Since which period begin interphase period:

a) G1

b) S

c) G2

d) G0

e) R1

 

171. Acquisition by cell conditions of readiness to realization of defined hereditary properties:

a) determination

b) complementarity

c) differentiation

d) proliferation

e) variability

 

172. Ability of cell to perceive inductive influence and to react specific on it by changing of development:

a) competence

b) callus formation

c) mytosis

d) meiosis

e) translation

 

173. External factors, influencing on process of cells cultivation:

a) light

b) heat

c) cool

d) darkness

e) gas

 

174. Cell, deprived of cell wall:

a) protoplast

b) leucoplast

c) chromoplast

d) liposome

e) lysosome

 

175. Fragment of plant or piece of the tissue:

a) explant

b) callus

c) passage

d) suspension

e) protoplast

 

176. Cell’s specialization:

a) differentiation

b) redifferentiation

c) dedifferentiation

d) regeneration

e) transpiration

 

177. Cultivation of cells in artificial media in aseptic conditions:

a) in vitro

b) in vivo

c) callus

d) explant

e) in situ

 

178. Particular type of tissue, representative accumulation of undifferentiated cells:

a) callus

b) explant

c) regenerate

d) clon

e) locus

 

179. Reduction cells division:

a) meiosis

b) mitosis

c) kinesis

d) telophase

e) amitosis

 

180. Aseptic received plant with the developed roots and the runaways, generated in culture, that is in vitro:

a) regenerant

b) explant

c) intron

d) embryoid

e) metabolite

 

181. G.Gaberlandt formulate cells principles in:

a) 1902 y.

b) 1899 y.

c) 1914 y.

d) 1907 y.

e) 1900 y.

 

182. The hypothesis of totypotency has been put forward by:

a) G.Gaberlandt

b) K.Rehinger

c) V.Robbins

d) E.Davidson

e) F.White

 

 

183. Division of somatic cells:

a) mitosis

b) amitosis

c) meiosis

d) transcription

e) interphase

 

184. Interconnection of organs with each other:

a) correlation

b) competence

c) determinative

d) cryoprotection

e) sublimation

 

185. Property of a vegetative cell to realise the genetic information:

a) totipotency

b) differentiation

c) regeneration

d) complementarity

e) induction

 

 

186. Since which year begin to cultivate cells in Kazakhstan?

a) 1975

b) 1955

c) 1995

d) 2001

e) 1948

 

187. For normal growth and progress of plants it is necessary such level of pH:

a) 5-6

b) 4-5

c) 6-8

d) 2-4

e) 9-12

 

188. For preparation of firm nutrient media necessary:

a) agar

b) potassium

c) phytohormone

d) auxin

e) carbonate

 

189. Optimal temperature for cultivation of plants’ cells:

a) 25-32 оС

b) 38-40 оС

c) 15-25 оС

d) 5-10 оС

e) 45-65 оС

 

190. Transition of specialized cells to proliferation:

a) differentiation

b) differentiation

c) translation

d) regeneration

e) transpiration

 

191. Transition of transplantation of callus in nutrient medium:

a) passage

b) transformation

c) inoculum

d) proliferation

e) fermentation

 

192. Nutrient media for cultivation of cells and tissues of plants are media:

a) multicomponent

b) single-component

c) natural

d) two-component

e) organic

 

193. The basic of structure of biological membranes are performed by:

a) bilayer of phospholipids

b) amino acids

c) triple layer of proteins

d) bilayer of carbohydrates

e) double helix of DNA

 

 

194. Who was first from the scientists who begin to grow isolated parts and organs of plants?

a) K.Rehinger

b) G.Gaberlandt

c) Т.Murasige

d) F.Skug

e) F.White

 

 

195. Achievements of which scientist related to cambial tissues of willow and carrot:

a) F.White

b) E.Davidson

c) V.Robbins

d) V.Kotte

e) G.Gaberlandt

 

196. Scientist, which has supported continuous long-term culture of roots’ tips for 30 years:

a) R.Gotre

b) V.Kotte

c) V.Robbins

d) Т.Murasige

e) D.Wotson

 

197. Scientist with collaborators, which have investigated growth of buds on pieces of tobacco steams:

a) F.Skug

b) V.Kotte

c) V.Robbins

d) Т.Murasige

e) D.Wotson

 

 

198. Culture, cultivated in liquid medium:

a) suspension

b) tumor

c) callus

d) clonal

e) somatic

 

199. Since which year begin to cultivate plants’ cells in Soviet Union?

a) 1944

b) 1930

c) 1980

d) 1934

e) 1994

 

 

200. Part of suspension culture, used for passaging on fresh nutrient medium:

a) inoculum

b) passage

c) proliferation

d) maceration

e) cristalization

 

201. Inhibition of activity of genes:

a) genes repression

b) genes expression

c) genomics

d) genesis

e) agenesis

 

202. Transformation of information in chains of nucleoids in DNA molecule:

a) genes expression

b) genes repression

c) genes translation

d) generation

e) genes transduction

 

203. Set of chromosomes of particular kind:

a) genome

b) genotype

c) gene pool

d) genetics

e) gender

 

204. Group of heredity genes:

a) genotype

b) phenotype

c) genome

d) genesis

e) producer

 

205. Cell of hybrids, having genetic difference:

a) heterokaryon

b) homocaryon

c) gibberellin

d) diploid

e) haploid

 

206. Hybrid, without genetic difference of cell:

a) homocaryon

b) heterokaryon

c) gibberellin

d) correlation

e) determination

 

207. Accumulation of chromosomes in female gametophyte in conditions in vitro:

a) gynogenesis

b) histogenesis

c) cytogenesis

d) heterosis

e) genome

 

208. Formation of tissue:

a) histogenesis

b) cytogenesis

c) organogenesis

d) androgenesis

e) gametogenesis

 

209. Increasing the number of chromosomes from haploid in 3-4 times:

a) polyploid

b) plasmid

c) diploid

d) aneuploid

e) genome

 

210. Cells, without nucleus:

a) procaryotes

b) eucaryotes

c) diploids

d) ptoplasts

e) haploids

 

211. Cells without cellular wall in the result of enzyme action or mechanical influence:

a) protoplast

b) procaryote

c) eucaryote

d) oncoplast

e) stem

 

212. False fertilization:

a) pseudogamy

b) plasmid

c) pathotoxin

d) megaspory

e) liposomy

 

213. Enzyme, splited DNA molecule:

a) restrictase

b) macerosm

c) lypase

d) amilase

e) synthetase

 

214. Site of nucleic acid or protein:

a) site

b) locus

c) line

d) genome

e) idiotype

 

215. Unit of heredity:

a) gene

b) genotype

c) genome

d) phenotype

e) site

 

216. Genes, located outside nuclear, in mitochondrion and plastids:

a) cytoplasmic

b) amplification

c) genesis

d) proliferative

e) apical

 

217. Appearance of genotype:

a) genesis

b) diploid

c) mitosis

d) replication

e) mutation

 

218. One of cells, growing from pollen, participating in process of fertilisation:

a) generative

b) vegetative

c) expressive

d) repressive

e) protoplast

 

219. Field of molecular and cellular genetics:

a) genetic engineering

b) biotechnology

c) general genetics

d) bionics

e) biotransformation

 

220. To the types of express-methods of appraisal of callus cultures are related:

a) radioimmunechemical and immune-enzyme methods

b) immune-enzyme and relax

c) radioimmunechemical and transmission

d) immune-enzyme and X-ray phase

e) chromatographic and X-ray phase

 

221. Creation of immobility of cells:

a) immobilization

b) relaxation

c) sensoric

d) amplification

e) inhibition

 

222. Keeping of cells in liquid nitrogen at temperature -196 оС:

a) cryoconservation

b) cryoscopy

c) passivation

d) amplification

e) inhibition

 

223. Cover tissue of cereal croup:

a) integument

b) inoculum

c) passage

d) immobile

e) isogen

 

224. Cultivation of biomass with influence of photoelement:

a) turbidostat

b) chemostat

c) flow-open

d) flow-closed

e) flow- stagnant

 

225. Cultivation of cells with strict concentration of growth-retarding:

a) chemostat

b) turbidostat

c) flow-open

d) flow-closed

e) deep

 

226. Passage of cells in ware with nutrient medium:

a) passage

b) intron

c) exon

d) induction

e) inoculum

 

227. Accumulation of cells in nutrient medium:

a) population

b) generation

c) passage

d) suspension

e) cycle

 

228. Method of construction of cells of new type on the basis of their cultivation, hybridization and reconstruction:

a) engineering

b) generation

c) segregation

d) recombination

e) retranslation

 

229. Substances which are don’t necessary for cells:

a) secondary metabolites

b) primary metabolites

c) cell’s population

d) suspension

e) inhibitors

 

230. Genes – swelling’s stimulants:

a) oncogene

b) nucellus

c) promoter

d) translator

e) locus

 

 

231. Destruction of chromosomes in hybrid, appearance of new genotypes:

a) segregation

b) site

c) recombination

d) reverse

e) correlation

 

232. Synthesis of RNA:

a) transcription

b) splicing

c) metabolism

d) recombination

e) replication

 

233. Synthesis of protein in rybosome:

a) translation

b) correlation

c) transcription

d) splicing

e) induction

 

234. In the capacity of appraisal of callus cultures in last time applies:

a) express-method

b) classic method

c) repress-method

d) sensor-method

e) relax-method

 

 

235. Cells, growing in test tube:

a) in vitro

b) in vivo

c) express

d) suspension

e) intron

 

236. Cells cultivated in organism:

a) in vivo

b) in vitro

c) express

d) suspension

e) intron

 

237. Destruction and dissolving of intercellular substance:

a) maceration

b) locating

c) processing

d) correlation

e) splicing

 

238. Development of organism or form’s growth:

a) morphogenesis

b) mutation

c) rhyzogenesis

d) mutagenesis

e) meiosis

 

239. Appearance of mutations under factors influence:

a) mutagenesis

b) gystogenesis

c) onthogenesis

d) phylogenesis

e) translation

 

240. Physical and chemical agents: ionized ray, light, temperature:

a) mutagens

b) antigens

c) promoters

d) producers

e) sensors

 

241. Method of identification of enzymes’ sensitivity:

a) immunoenzyme

b) immobile

c) induction

d) isogenic

e) histochemical

 

242. Radioimmunochemical and immune-enzyme methods related to:

a) express-method

b) classic method

c) repress-method

d) sensor-method

e) relax-method

 

243. Preparation of cell to defined path of development of organism:

a) determination

b) dedifferentiation

c) differentiation

d) diploidization

e) translation

 

244. Difference between cells and tissues of plants connected with its functional specialization:

a) differentiation

b) dedifferentiation

c) diploidization

d) determination

e) amplification

 

245. Cultivation of cells in liquid medium and in device in conditions in vitro:

a) suspension

b) agarization

c) callus

d) biotranslation

e) bioelectrochemistry

 

 

246. Location of gene in particular place:

a) locus

b) line

c) clone

d) codon

e) triplet

 

 

247. Part of thickened maternal bag in plant’s flower:

a) ovary

b) ring

c) stigma

d) style

e) apical point

 

248. Place, where ripen mother cells:

a) embryo sac

b) seeds’ buds

c) apical point

d) catalyst

e) functional center

 

249. Introduction in culture of foreign genetic information:

a) transformation

b) transploid

c) transcription

d) translation

e) deduction

 

250. Triple content of nucleus’ chromosomes:

a) triploid

b) tetraploid

c) haploid

d) diploid

e) pentaploid

 

251. Exponential phase called another:

a) logarithmic


b) linear


c) stationary

d) dead

e) latent

 

252. Which two periods make up life-cycle of cell?

a) interphase and mitotic

b) anaphase and telophase

c) interphase and anaphase

d) telophase and interphase

e) prophase and mitotic

 

253. At meiosis of cell first occurs:

a) division of nucleus

b) division of cytoplasm

c) formation of partition

d) division of ribosome

e) division of mitochondrion

 

254. The longest phase of mitosis is:

a) prophase

b) telophase

c) metaphase

d) anaphase

e) all phases take the same time

 

255. The shortest phase of mitosis is:

a) anaphase

b) telophase

c) metaphase

d) prophase

e) all phases take the same time

 

256. Which ions are necessary for existence of cells?

a) of sodium and potassium

b) of calcium and sodium

c) of magnesium and potassium

d) of magnesium and sodium

e) of calcium and magnesium

 

 

257. Amino acids in protein molecule connected between each other by which kind of connection:


a) peptide


b) hydrogen


c) ionic


d) covalent


e) disulphide

 

258. Indicate peptide bond:


a) -СОNH-


b) -COOH-


c) -NH2


d) -CH-


e) - CH2OH –

 

259. Third phase of growing of callus cells:

a) linear


b) logarithmic


c) stationary


d) dead


e) latent

 

260. Fifth phase of growing of callus cells:

a) stationary


b) logarithmic


c) linear


d) dead


e) latent

 

261. Spare buds:

a) adventive

b) haploid

c) diploid

d) procariotic

e) apex

 

262. Loosing of pigment by organism:

a) albinism

b) beccross

c) vector

d) colorblindness

e) destruction

 

263. Induction of haploids in culture of male and female gametophyte called:

a) androgenesis

b) gemmogenesis

c) rhyzogenesis

d) gynogenesis

e) organogenesis

 

264. Induction of haploids in culture of female gametophyte called:

a) gynogenesis

b) gemmogenesis

c) rhyzogenesis

d) androgenesis

e) organogenesis

 

265. False fertilization, at which embryo developed from unfertilized ovule:

a) pseudogamy

b) monogamy

c) polygami

d) androgenesis

e) gynogenesis

 

266. Formation of haploid plants from embryoids called:

a) direct androgenesis

b) indirect androgenesis

c) direct sporogenesis

d) indirect sporogenesis

e) gynogenesis

 

267. Apical part of stem or root:

a) apex

b) allele

c) meristem

d) cambium

e) parenchyma

 

268. Reproduction of organisms, without gamic process:

a) apomixic

b) apex

c) amplification

d) regeneration

e) proliferation

 

269. Observance of conditions of full sterility:

a) aseptic

b) degradation

c) degassion

d) beccross

e) genesis

 

270. Living cells are systems:

a) open

b) closed

c) circled

d) isolated

e) half-opened

 

271. Basic structure units of protein are:


a) amino acids


b) fat acids and glycerine


c) glucose and fructose


d) dicarboxylic acids

e) nucleosides

 

272. Sedimentation of particles under power of gravity:


a) sedimentation


b) sensabilization


c) flocculation


d) coagulation

e) osmosis

 

273. Formation tissue:

a) meristem

b) parenchyme

c) callus

d) root

e) bud

 

274. High ratio auxin/cytokinin causes:

a) rhyzogenesis

b) gemmogenesis

c) histogenesis

d) cytogenesis

e) callus genesis

 

275. Low ratio auxin/cytokinin conducive to:

a) gemmogenesis

b) rhyzogenesis

c) histogenesis

d) cytogenesis

e) callus genesis

 

276. Formative tissue, forming others:

a) meristem

b) embryoid

c) parenchyma

d) callus

e) proliferation

 

 

277. Recurring heterosis:

a) beccross

b) mutation

c) genome

d) mutagenesis

e) cloning

 

278. Device in biotechnological manufacture on growing of cells:

a) bioreactor

b) laminar

c) autoclave

d) distillator

e) septic tank

 

279. Glassiness:

a) vitrification

b) ammonification

c) nitrification

d) homogenization

e) fermentation

 

 

280. Structures, which join to itself one or another genes and transformed them in another cells:

a) vectors

b) haploids

c) diploids

d) strains

e) chromosomes

 

 

281. Types of plants, took in space by Kazakhstan cosmonauts:

a) wheat

b) melon

c) potato

d) nightshade

e) carrot

 

282. With cells of which plant cosmonauts made experiments:

a) corn

b) oats

c) apricot

d) potato

e) tomato

 

 

283. Process of organs, tissues and cells formation:

a) morphogenesis

b) parthenogenesis

c) embryogenesis

d) rhyzogenesis

e) gemmogenesis

 

 

284. Asexual reproduction in culture of cells and tissues, at which arising plants genetically identical to initial sample:

a) clonal

b) amitotic

c) mitotic

d) meiotic

e) budding

 

285. Forth stage of clonal reproduction:

a) planting of plants in soil

b) introduction of explants in culture

c) rooting of duplicated bines

d) reproduction

e) cells cultivation

 

286. Form of variety of gene:

a) allele

b) albinism

c) beccross

d) locus

e) site

 

 

287. Changing of substance in another type by biological way:

a) biotransformation

b) bioremediation

c) bioengineering

d) biodestruction

e) cryoconservation

 

288. Branch of science and manufacture of economic important substance and products:

a) biotechnology

b) genetic engineering

c) nanotechnology

d) cellular selection

e) agrotechnology

 

289. Hormones of indol group:

a) auxin

b) intron

c) amylase

d) gibberellin

e) pyridoxine

 

 

290. Part of callus tissue planting on fresh firm nutrient medium:

a) passage

b) inoculum

c) regenerant

d) explant

e) cybrid

 

 

291. Increasing the number of genes in genome:

a) amplification

b) replification

c) differentiation

d) callus

e) mitosis

 

292. Part of DNA molecule:

a) gene

b) locus

c) chromosome

d) lysosome

e) protein

 

293. Gene collection:

a) gen

b) phenotype

c) chromosome

d) site

e) diploid

 

294. Formation of germ-like structures:

a) embryoidogenesis

b) rhyzophilogenesis

c) gemmogenesis

d) phylogenesis

e) ontogenesis

 

295. As a result of morphogenesis formed:

a) regenerant

b) callus

c) strain

d) explant

e) embryoid

 

 

296. First stage of clonal reproduction:

a) bringing of explants in culture

b) reproduction in fact

c) establishment of duplicated bines

d) planting of plants in soil

e) cells cultivation

 

297. Plant, receiving by asexual, i.e. vegetative reproduction:

a) clone

b) callus

c) regenerant

d) explant

e) animal unit

 

 

298. 6-furfurilaminopurine:

a) cynetin


b) zeatine


c) auxin


d) glycine

e) pyroxene

 

299. Number of phases of growing of callus tissues:

a) 6


b) 4


c) 7


d) 2


e) 9

 

300. First phase of growing of callus cells:

a) latent


b) logarithmic


c) stationary


d) dead


e) linear

 

 


 

 

3 200 200 100

 

1. Cultivation of cells in artificial media in aseptic conditions:

a) in vitro

b) in vivo

c) callus

d) explant

e) in situ

 

2. Particular type of tissue, representative accumulation of undifferentiated cells:

a) callus

b) explant

c) regenerate

d) clon

e) locus

 

3. Reduction cells division:

a) meiosis

b) mitosis

c) kinesis

d) telophase

e) amitosis

 

4. Division of somatic cells:

a) mitosis

b) amitosis

c) meiosis

d) transcription

e) interphase

 

5. Interconnection of organs with each other:

a) correlation

b) competence

c) determinative

d) cryoprotection

e) sublimation

 

6. Property of a vegetative cell to realise the genetic information:

a) totipotency

b) differentiation

c) regeneration

d) complementarity

e) induction




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