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- a large number of;
- a persistent rise;
- the implications for individuals and businesses;
- by highlighting the adverse effects on business.
b) Give the antonyms of the following words:
- boom;
- buoyant;
- consuming;
- contraction;
- deflate;
- demand.
3. Give English equivalents of the following expressions and make up sentences of your own:
розподіл доходів, щорічний дохід, певний рівень життя, національний дохід, країна з середнім рівнем доходу
4. Suggest Ukrainian equivalents:
- important items;
- economic data;
- a prime example;
- the adverse effects;
- householders;
- statistics are available to show.
5. a) Read and translate the text in a written form:
THE ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
Having mentioned the effect of government tax policy on the income distribution, it’s necessary to examine in greater detail the role of the government in society. In every society governments provide such services as national defence, police, public education, firefighting services, and the administration of justice. In addition, governments through budget make transfer payments to some members of society.
Transfer payments are payments made to individuals without requiring the provision of any service in return. Examples are social security, retirement pensions, unemployment benefits, and, in some countries, food stamps. Government expenditure, whether on the provision of goods and services (defence, police) or on transfer payments, is chiefly financed by imposing taxes, although some (small) residual component may be financed by government borrowing.
b) Answer the following questions:
1. What do governments provide people?
2. What are transfer payments? Give some examples.
3. What is government expenditure financed by?
6. a) Open the brackets using Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous:
1. Her children (to be) in the yard. They (to play) football now. They (to play) it since ten o’clock.
2. She (to speak) English well. She (to study) it for five years. Listen! She (to speak) English to her teacher.
3. His son just (to return) home. He (to be) dirty. He (to play) volley-ball.
4. Where David (to be)? – He (to be) in the library. He (to work) there at the moment. – How long he (to be) there? – He (to work) for three hours.
5. Why she (to look) tired? – She (to work) all night.
b) Choose the necessary form of the Participle:
1. Who is that girl (advertising/advertised) goods in the supermarket?
2. The contract (making/made) by him is very profitable.
3. The translation (doing/done) by me was very easy.
4. I am not satisfied with the terms (accepting/accepted) at the meeting.
5. Do you know the man (coming/come) towards us?
7. Translate into English:
1. Я хочу проінформувати вас про підвищення цін.
2. Я не заперечую проти затримки відвантаження товарів.
3. Він був дуже втомлений, бо цілий день обробляв дані по заробітній платі.
4. Наша компанія вже 2 роки виготовляла обладнання, коли ми збагнули, що попит покупців знизився.
5. Вам потрібно звернути увагу на стан економіки вашої компанії, інакше вона збанкрутує.
8. Do you think it’s necessary to measure economic activity? Explain in a written form why.
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