| Functions
| Patterns
| Notes
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| Predicative (именная часть составного сказуемого.)
| My friend’s story was amusing.
| Participle I is usually rendered into Russian by an adjective
|
| attribute
| The dancing girl is very pretty.
(pre-position)
The train arriving on the platform four is one hour late. (post-position)
| In this function it corresponds to the Russian действительноепричастие. In some cases it is rendered in Russian by a clause причастнымоборотом.
Part. I Indefinite Passive is seldom used.
Part. I Perfect Active & Passive is not used
|
| part of a complex object
| I saw Nick speaking to the teacher.
(to hear, to notice, to feel, to watch etc)
| This construction with Participle I corresponds to a subordinate object clause in Russian.
|
| Adverbial modifier of
attendant
circumstances
(manner)
cause
(reason)
|
He was standing at the bridge admiring the beautiful view.
The book being written in simple English is suitable for beginners.
| All forms may be used
In this function Participle I Indefinite corresponds to the Russian деепричастиенесовершенноговида (simultaneous action), Participle I Perfect corresponds to the Russian деепричастиесовершенноговида (prior action). In some cases Participle I in this function is rendered by an adverbial clause or деепричастнымоборотом. Here we always find a participle phrase.
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|
time
| While writing his composition Bob was interrupted several times. Having visited the museum we decided to have lunch at the park.
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| comparison
| She looked at her hubby as if waiting for an answer
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|
| parenthesis
| Frankly speaking I consider her proposal to be unwise. Judging by what critics say, the new play is worth seeing
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