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There is no denying the fact that study is hard, time consuming work and students may benefit by using the following learning strategies:
1. Make out a weekly hour- by-hour time -table; it ensures working on a regular basis, not in fits and starts as the mood takes you. Do not study for more than two hours at a time.
2. Do concentrated work; it is believed that rapid work helps concentrate, for the very speed of the work cures any tendency to wool- gathering and day -dreaming. Use the 30-3-2 schedule: study for 30 minutes, take a 3-minute break to think about other things, upon returning take 2 minutes to mentally review what you have just learnt.
3. Do insightful reading; analyse and evaluate what you read, trying to get at cause and effect relations. Insightful unlike rote learning implies critical thinking, sorting facts from opinions, organizing your knowledge into meaningful units. Avoid cramming for it commits the information to your short- term memory.
4. After the first slow insightful reading try to recall and recite the material with the text-book or lecture notes covered up. Then check your recall against the text to find out what you have omitted or got wrong. It is much more effective than passive re-reading.
5. The next step is compressing the information into clear, concise notes that are more effective than copious notes. You may also present the material briefly and neatly in a table, a diagram or a graph. It is also fun to make up acronyms or mnemonics (memory boosts) to recall.
6. The last but one strategy is indispensable. It is early reviewing. The first review should take place as soon as possible after the original learning otherwise you may forget 85% of the newly learnt material. Review the information several times over several days. Try one of the memory tips: go through difficult points seven times a day for seven days.
7. The final learning step is transposition. You forget the information if you do not use it interlacing it with your existing body of knowledge wherever and whenever possible can.
B. Active Listening in Lecture
You can maximize what you learn in and from lecture by the following three easy steps:
1) adopt active listening skills (listen not only for main ideas, but also for the relevant details that support them; if there is something you do not understand –Ask!);
2) take clear, effective notes (write only on the right –hand side of your paper, use abbreviations where possible, skip lines to indicate new thoughts and ideas, leave blanks for words, ideas etc., that you did not catch;
3) review your notes within 24 hours of taking them (fill in only blanks you left, use the left –hand margin of your notes for key terms, ideas etc.)
To sum up it should be noted that the learning strategies listed above may seem time –taking. But in the long run this method pays off, for it is a good knowledge builder:
1) you will have great notes for reviewing for exams;
2) you will retain the material so well that you will avoid a hectic rush reading for exams; instead of sitting up late at night you will use your notes as quick summary refreshers.
* For additional information on learning and teaching styles see Supplement 5.
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