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ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

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  8. Environmental Problems
  9. Environmental protection

 

Greening: the act of making something green or fresh; a restoration.

The program to plant trees along the downtown boulevards is one aspect of the mayor’s plan for the greening of the city.

Ecology: a division of biology concerned with the relationship between living things and their environment.

Because there are so many people today using the natural resources if the world, ecology has become an important concern.

Extinct: no longer existing or found on earth.

Dinosaurs and the giant mammoths are now extinct.

Endangered species: animals that are threatened with extinction.

The orangutan, rhinoceros, and falcon are endangered species.

Rain forest: a moist, densely wooded area with an annual rainfall of 200 cm.

The largest rain forests in the world are found in South America.

Environmentalist: a person who works toward protecting the environment from destruction or pollution.

Environmentalists may be in opposition to commercial interests of big corporations.

Ozone layer: a region in the upper atmosphere containing a high amount of ozone gas that absorbs the sun’s ultraviolet radiation.

Some chemicals used in refrigerators and in the production of foam plastics reduce the ozone layer, allowing harmful ultraviolet radiation to enter, thereby contributing to skin cancer.

Acid rain: precipitation containing high levels of nitric and sulfuric acid resulting from car exhausts and factories.

The smoke from the steel mills in Indiana mixes with the moisture in the air and falls as acid rain in the Adirondack Mountains of New York, killing trees and polluting rivers.

Greenhouse effect: the phenomenon by which the earth’s atmosphere traps some of the sun’s heat as it radiates from the earth’s surface.

The greenhouse effect is noticeable in the warmer temperatures that we have experienced over the last two decades.

Landfill: method of solid waste disposal in which refuse is buried between layers of dirt to filling low-lying areas.

People were becoming seriously ill because their neighborhood had been built upon landfill that contained poisonous waste products.

Biodegradable: capable of quick decomposition into products that are not harmful of the environment.

The fast-food chain stopped using foam plastic containers because they are not biodegradable.

Fuel-efficient: using little fuel.

Small cars are generally more fuel-efficient than larger ones.

Recycling: the process of collecting used products and remanufacturing them into new products instead of throwing them away as garbage.

Recycling newspapers helps to preserve forests, since fewer trees have to be cut down to make pulp.

Organic fertilizers: a natural product such as manure to make the solid more productive for agriculture.

Unlike chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers are not harmful to living creatures.

Deforestation: the destruction of forests resulting from excessive clearing.

Deforestation leads to climatic and environmental changes that sometimes cause rich agricultural regions to become desert wastelands.

Composting: making a mixture of decaying organic matter to improve soil structure and provide nutrients for crop production.

A composting attachment for a lawn mower will cut the grass small enough so that it will fertilize the soil when it decays.

Hazardous waste: nuclear waste or an industrial by-product that is potentially damaging to the environment and harmful to the health and well being of living organisms.

An old car battery is a hazardous waste and must be disposed of properly.

Energy efficient: using little energy.

Aerodynamic design and lighter materials make automobiles more energy efficient.

Non-toxic: not poisonous.

Food preservatives are thought to be non-toxic when they are used in small amounts.

Solar energy: electrical power generated by the heat of the sun.

The desert home was powered entirely by solar energy.

Global warming: the increase in world temperatures due to the greenhouse effect.

Global warming is causing some melting of the polar ice caps, resulting in increased coastal flooding.

 

Environmental protection - National concern

 

Ex. 1. Use the dictionary to check the pronunciation of the following words:




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Ex. 6. Write the correct combination of the verb and the particle. Insert particles and prepositions where necessary. | Now add up your total score out of 50. Compare your results with your partner. | The UK nuclear industry | Acid rains | The environmental cost of cars | Wilderness Around the World | Ecosystems | The answers | Ex.2 Read the text. | Conversation |


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