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1. Most big towns in Britain have both a university and a college of higher education. There are 41 universities in Britain and 47 colleges of higher education, universities offer three- and four-year degree courses; colleges of higher education offer both two-year HND (Higher National Diploma) courses, as well as degree courses.
2. A degree is the qualification you get from university when you pass your final exams. You are then awarded a BA (Bachelor of Arts), BSc (Bachelor of Science) or BEd (Bachelor of Education).
3. Undergraduates, students who are studying for degrees, go to large formal lectures, but most of the work takes place in tutorials: lessons in groups of ten or more when the students discuss their work with the lecturer.
4. Only 25 per cent of the population goes on to higher education. Competition to get into one of Britain's universities is fierce and not everyone who gets A levels can go. Students usually need three A levels to go to university and grades at A level go from A, the highest grade, to E.
5. Students apply to universities months before they take their A levels. The students are given a personal interview and the universities then decide which students they want. They offer them a place, which depends on A-level results. The more popular the university, the higher the grades it will ask for.
6. Most British students choose to go to university a long way from their home town: university is seen as a time to be independent, to live away from home and develop new interests.
7. British students do not have to pay to go to university, but do need money to live away from home while they are studying. Some students whose parents do not earn a lot of money are given a grant (money) from the local education authority. If students do not get a grant, parents are expected to pay for their children. Some students borrow money from the bank, which must be paid back after they leave university. In theory, the grant pays for rent, food, books, transport and socialising. In fact, the grant is not a lot of money. Students have to work during the holidays to earn more money, but it is now difficult to find such jobs. The result is that more students are dropping out, failing to finish their courses.
8. Not all students study full-time at university or college. Many people combine their studies with work. Some companies release their staff for training one or two days a week or for two months a year. Large companies often have their own in-house training schemes.
9. The British government is very enthusiastic about such training schemes, in particular because so few people go to university. It wants at least half the workforce to have a formal professional qualification by the year 2000.
10. If you are unemployed, there are two forms of training schemes: employment training for people who have been out of work for a long time and Youth Training Schemes for school leavers who cannot find a job.
Notes:
1. A level – сокращ. от Advanced Level, экзамен по программе средней школы на повышенном уровне на получение аттестата об общем образовании
2. a grade – оценка, отметка
3. a grant – стипендия
4. to drop out – покидать учебное заведение, бросать учиться
5. in-house – внутренний, внутриведомственный
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