rocket propulsion — ракетные двигатели (букв, движение при помощи
ракетного двигателя)
to go into — рассмотреть
on this... rests — на этом основана
he was the first to suggest — он первым предложил
by the 1930s — к тридцатым годам
some sort of—некоторыми
KONSTANTIN TSIOLKOVSKY (1857-1935)
1. К. Е. Tsiolkovsky was born near Ryazan, south of Moscow in 1857. In his childhood he began to take interest in physics and mathematics
In 1895 he began to mention space flight in his papers and in 1898 wrote about the necessity for liquid-fuel rocket engines. His first work dealing with the fundamentals of rocket propulsion' was written in 1898, but it was published only five years later.
In 1903 Tsiolkovsky began a series of articles for an aviation magazine in which he went into the theory of rocketry and on this his reputation as a pioneer of space flight rests. He wrote of space suits, satellites, and he was the first to suggest space stations. By the 1930s he was a well-known scientist in the Soviet Union. At this time the country was already interested in some sort of space program.
Two very important contributions were offered by Tsiolkovsky: the notion of multi-stage rockets, and the idea of using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as fuel.
The tombstone on Tsiolkovsky's grave carries the message "Mankind will not remain tied to earth forever". Twenty-two years after his death the Soviet people launched the first man-made satellite, and Sputnik I made a wonderful memorial for this great man. Tsiolkovsky died in Kaluga in 1935.
V. Прочтите 4-й и 5-й абзацы текста и дайте ответ письменно на следующий вопрос:
Why can we say that Tsiolkovsky's dream (мечта) that "mankind will not remain tied to earth forever" is now a reality?
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. The special application of light has led to the development of lasers and
masers.
The scientists are working on an interesting problem for obtaining power
from atom.
We solved this problem with the help of computers.
б) 1. The delegation of foreign specialists was shown the new electronics
equipment.
They will be given new interesting data by the end of the month.
The parts of this device are acted upon by more than two forces.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.
All objects surrounding us are composed of different substances.
If produced by friction heat is usually considered as useless work.
Passing through the air alpha-particles ionize it.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. Polymers can be used for making different things.
2. They will be able to improve the experimental conditions in their laboratory.
The mixture is to be heated before the experiment
The laboratory assistant had to alter the experimental conditions.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста.
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