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Пояснения к тексту

 

a matter of time — дело времени

before men were placed in... когда люди будут летать на...

to undergo training — проходить подготовку

the first man to fly— первый человек, который полетел

a. m. (ante meridiem - лат.) — до полудня

a vocational school — (зд.) ремесленное училище

a test pilot — летчик-испытатель

in training — для подготовки

and it was upon him that... и именно на него....

 

YURY GAGARIN (1934-1968)

1. In the 1960s satellites were travelling at high speeds around the Earth. It was only a matter of time before men were placed in them. In the Soviet Union and in the United States men were undergoing training for this purpose. They were called cosmonauts in the Soviet Union and astronauts in the United States.

The first man to fly4 into space was a Soviet man, Yury Gagarin. On Wednesday, April 12, 1961 at 9.07. a.m. Moscow Time, the sputnik-spaceship "Vostok" was launched info space with a man on board. This man was the first cosmonaut, Yury Gagarin.

Yury Gagarin, the son of a carpenter, was born near Gshatsk (now Gagarin), Smolensk region on the 9th of March, 1934. His early education was interrupted by the war. After the war he attended a vocational school6 and then a technical industrial school. His interest in flying led him to the Orenburg Flying school from which he graduated with honours as an airforce lieutenant in 1957. After serving as a test pilot, he joined the group of cosmonauts in training for orbital flight and it was upon him that the choice fell in 1961.

On April 12, 1961, Gagarin became the first man placed in orbit about the Earth. He remained in orbit 1 hour and 48 minutes, rising as high above the surface as 187, 66 miles and travelling at a velocity that reached 17,400 miles an hour. So on April, 1961, mankind entered a new era - the era of mastering space age.

Yury Gagarin died, tragically, in an airplane crash near Kirzhach on the 27th of March, 1968.

 

V. Прочтите 4-й абзац текста и дайте письменно ответ на следующий вопрос:

What new era did mankind enter on April 12, 1961?

ВАРИАНТ 4

 

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.

 

а) 1. We often use plastics nowdays.

Scientists have found ways of measuring the sizes and positions of bodies

in the Universe.

Scientists had solved many interesting problems by the end of the 19th

century.

б) 1. Iron is referred to as the most important metal of our metallic age.

2. The name electron was given to the small negative particle discovered by

Thomson.

3. The ignition was followed by combustion.

 

II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle II и установите его функцию, т. е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.

 

1. When electrified a body may repel as well as attract different objects.

Heat gained by one substance is heat lost by another.

Another method to produce high-energy particles is based on superconductivity.

 

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.

 

Infra-red waves can be stopped by glass.

Soon we shall be able to understand many phenomena which occur on the solar surface.

Today the scientists have to concentrate their attention on the production of artificial materials.

The samples are to be analysed at our laboratory.

 

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык 1, 3, 4 и 5-й абзацы текста.




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