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Exercise 1

Work with a partner. Write the names of two comparable examples for each group. Say why they can be compared.

 

1.fast food restaurants:________________ _______________

2.amusement parks: ________________ _______________

3.computers: _________________ ________________

4.cars: _______________ _______________

 

►Basis of Comparison

The basis of comparison is an important aspect in the organization and development of your essay. When comparing two items, the same aspects of each must be compared. For example, when comparing two people, the basis of comparison could be appearance, behavior, or personality. Whatever bases of comparison you choose, you must use the same ones to discuss each person. You cannot compare the personality of one person to the appearance of the other.

 

The following is an example of some of the possible bases for compar­ing two universities:


 

 

Bases of comparison:


University AUniversity В

size size

location location

reputation reputation

specialty specialty

 

 


 

►Thesis Statement

In a comparison-and-contrast essay, you may want to compare and contrast two items to show that one is better than the other, or that the two are totally different, or that they have some similarities and some differences. Your purpose will vary.

 

The thesis statement for a comparison and contrast essay should include the names of the two items being compared and the dominant impression of the items.

 

 

Sample thesis statement:

University A is a better choice for me than University В because of its

size, location, reputation, and specialty.

 

Task:

1. Write a thesis statement for an essay in which you compare two

fast-food restaurants.

2. Write a thesis statement in which you compare two kinds of cars.

 

Organizing a Comparison and Contrast Essay

There are two basic ways to organize a comparison-and-contrast essay: (1) block organization and (2) point by point organization.

 

In block organization, one item such as University A is discussed in one block (one or more paragraphs) and University В is discussed in another block. In Reading 1, "Toe Fashion Comparison," small-sized feet were discussed in one block and then oversized shoes were discussed in another. In Reading 2 on trousers and skirts, the European association of flowing robes with femininity and trousers with masculinity was discussed in one block, and then in another block, what these garments were associated with in China.

 

Imagine you were going to write a comparison-and-contrast essay about the clothing styles in Los Angeles and New York City. The following outlines show how you might organize your essay using either the block or point-by-point approach.

 

►Block Organization Outline

Topic: A Comparison and Contrast of the Clothing Styles in Los Angeles and

New York City.

Thesis Statement: The clothing style in Los Angeles is quite different from that

of New York City in terms of fabrics, colors, and style.

I. Los Angeles

A. Fabrics (light, same for summer and winter)

B. Colors (bright)

C. Style (casual)
II. New York City

A. Fabrics (heavy, different for summer and winter)

B. Colors (not bright)

C. Style (formal)

Conclusion

 

►Point-by-Pointi Organization Outline

Topic: A Comparison and Contrast of the Clothing Styles in Los Angeles and

New York City.

Thesis Statement: The clothing style in Los Angeles is quite different from that

of New York City from the point of view of fabrics, colors,

and style.

I. Fabrics

A. Los Angeles (light, same for summer and winter)

B. New York City (heavy, different for summer and winter)

II. Colors

A. Los Angeles (bright)

B. New York City (not bright)

III. Style

A. Los Angeles (casual)

B. New York (formal)

Conclusion

 

As can be seen, the block organization is simpler because fewer transitions are required, and one subject is discussed completely before going on to the other. The point-by-point organization in which similarities and differ­ences of each point are discussed together requires the constant use of comparison-and-contrast indicators.

 

Comparison and Contrast Indicators

A good comparison-and-contrast essay should be sprinkled with comparison-and-contrast indicators, or structure words. The following is a list of some of these structure words.

►Comparison Indicator Words

Sentence Connectors Clause Connectors Others
similarly as like (+ noun)
likewise just as similar to (+ noun)
also and just like (+ noun)
    (be) similar to
    (be) same as
    both... and
    not only... but also

 

Task:

Underline all the comparison structure words in Reading 1 and Reading 2.

 

 

►Contrast Indicator Words

 

Sentence Connectors Clause Connectors Others
however although  
nevertheless even though but
in contrast while yet
on the other hand whereas despite (+ noun)
on the contrary   in spite of (+ noun)

 

Task:

Underline all the contrast structure words in Reading 1 and Reading 2.

 




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I. The Essay | Exercise 2 | Exercise 3 | II. The Process Essay | It is important to make your literal definitions accurate. Look at the definitions | Exercise 3 | Outlining | Exercise 1 | А. Organise your ideas. | Look at the following subjects and categories. Identify the principle of classification being used. |


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