Студопедия  
Главная страница | Контакты | Случайная страница

АвтомобилиАстрономияБиологияГеографияДом и садДругие языкиДругоеИнформатика
ИсторияКультураЛитератураЛогикаМатематикаМедицинаМеталлургияМеханика
ОбразованиеОхрана трудаПедагогикаПолитикаПравоПсихологияРелигияРиторика
СоциологияСпортСтроительствоТехнологияТуризмФизикаФилософияФинансы
ХимияЧерчениеЭкологияЭкономикаЭлектроника

Text 4. DIFFERENT TYPES OF HOUSE FOUNDATIONS

 

1. Which defects are more common, troubles with walls or with foundations?

Foundation construction is an integral part of home building. It is what the whole house rests on. A firm foundation is a must, so don't use sand. In most construction, concrete is used as foundation. It is laid into a trench up to 3 or 4 feet deep, and provides a very solid foundation for whatever building material used. The foundation is the most critical part of any structure. The structural failures due to faulty workmanship or to an insufficient thickness of the walls are rare in comparison with those due to defective foundations.

2. What factor is important to consider besides the soil type?

There are many different types of foundations. The most typical foundation is made up of a footing which is the portion of the steel reinforced concrete on the undisturbed soil. Waterproofing and drainage are typically applied at the exterior of the foundation and footing. This is particularly important when building in wet soils.

The choice of a home foundation depends on the soil type of the construction site. Homes that are built on poor soil conditions may require a deep foundation, whereas most sites only require a shallow foundation. Climate is another factor to consider when choosing a foundation. Some types of foundations do not perform well in flooding or cold temperatures.

3. Can poured concrete foundations be good in cold climates?

A poured concrete foundation is the most common type of home foundation. A concrete slab foundation is formed by pouring a few inches of concrete with thicker edges to provide support. The slab normally rests on a bed of crushed gravel to improve drainage. The slab is poured all at one time and is ideal for use in areas where the ground does not freeze in the winter.

4. What helps to support frost-protected foundations from frost damage?

As the name suggests, a frost-protected foundation protects concrete from damage due to extreme temperatures. A T-shaped foundation is the traditional choice for cold areas. This foundation method provides extra support for a concrete slab foundation with concrete footings that extend below the frost line. A frost-protected shallow foundation (FPSF) provides protection without digging below the frost line. FPSF utilizes insulated concrete to protect a slab foundation from frost damage. Frost-protected shallow foundations are used in over 5,000 buildings in the United States, as well as over a million homes in Sweden, Finland and Norway.

5. What are the advantages of wood for permanent foundations?

Permanent wood foundations have been used since the 1960s, and manufacturers are now recommending treated plywood and lumber as an alternate material for crawl space, basement and stem wall foundations. The foundations are made of preservative-treated wood that is very lightweight, decay-resistant and easy to install. A permanent wood foundation does not require concrete pouring or casting, which makes the process much more convenient. Additionally, the foundations are easy to insulate and moisture-resistant. More than 300,000 houses in the United States utilize permanent wood foundations.

6. What types of raised foundations are there?

Raised foundations are necessary in coastal areas that receive large amounts of rain and are prone to flooding. Raised foundations require careful planning, because they must be able to both support the home and provide protection from moisture. There are two types of raised foundations: pier-and-beam and stem wall. A pier-and-beam foundation uses concrete or brick blocks that are reinforced with footings. The blocks are placed approximately 8 to 12 inches apart and raise the home above the flood line. A stem wall foundation is similar, except that the footings are continuous rather than spaced.




Дата добавления: 2015-09-12; просмотров: 12 | Поможем написать вашу работу | Нарушение авторских прав

Reading Practice | Building materials | Interior construction | Unit 3. FOUNDATION | Pre-Reading Vocabulary Exercises | Text 1. FOUNDATIONS IN CONSTRUCTION | Text-based exercises | Post-Reading Vocabulary Exercises | Text 2. TYPES OF FOUNDATIONS | Grammar and vocabulary consolidation exercises |


lektsii.net - Лекции.Нет - 2014-2024 год. (0.005 сек.) Все материалы представленные на сайте исключительно с целью ознакомления читателями и не преследуют коммерческих целей или нарушение авторских прав