Ex. 1. After you have studied the vocabulary to memorise, look through the words of this exercise.
Say which of the words and word groups you are unlikely to come across in the text to come. The text is entitled ‘ CONCRETE’.
Portland cement; fly ash slag; wood pulp; pigment; coarse aggregate; gravel; limestone; fine aggregate; wood-lot; sand; bottom ash; manufactured sand; water; laminate flooring; chemical admixtures; placement; hydration; pavement; harvested trees; foundation; motorway; footing; fence; cement paste; cellulose; concrete mixture; crushed stone; recycled aggregate; construction; blast furnace slag; chemical admixture; spruce; plain concrete; accelerant; compressive strength; plasticizers; corrosion inhibitor; bonding agent; initial setting; permeability; tensile stress; placement; timber chipboard; curing; granite.
Ex. 2. Make up negative adjectives with the help of negative suffixes un-, in- (im-, il-, ir-). Use one word instead of the given two.
not sufficient; not desirable; not efficient; not controllable; not obtainable; not supplied; not suitable; not usual; not complete; not natural; not satisfactory; not interesting; not regular; not common; not available; not significant; not essential; not mobile
Call to mind more negative forms (adjectives and adverbs) in English from your personal language experience.
Ex. 3. Translate the following adverbs. Consult the dictionary to make sure.
Commonly, eventually, relatively, excessively, mainly, primarily, interestingly, typically. respectively, significantly, particularly, carefully, generally, normally
Ex. 4. Analyse the composition of the following compound words. Translate the words into Russian.
limestone; stone-like; air-cooled; motorway; however; landscape; man-made; air-entrainer; freeze-thaw; thereby; trade-off; water-reducing; long-term; high-strength; high-performance
Ex. 5 Call to mind related words in English to the adjectives suggested (from your personal language experience). Translate the words.
E.g.: compressive ‘сжимающийся’ – to compress ‘сжимать, сдавливать’ – compressor ‘компрессор’, - compression ‘сжатие, уплотнение’ - to press ‘нажимать, надавливать’ – press ‘пресс; пресса’ - pressure ‘давление’ …
structural, cementitious, chemical, architectural, partial, significant, decorative, obtainable, normal, difficult, desirable, plastic, environmental, problematic, various, available, careful
Consult the dictionary to find more word forms and meanings.
Ex. 6. Translate the following words and word combinations:
cementitious materials; fly ash; slag cement; coarse aggregate; fine aggregate; gravel limestone; manufactured sand; chemical admixtures; to solidify and harden; mixing and placement; to bond components together; to create a stone-like material; to make pavements; parking structures; footings for gates; man-made material; water and cement paste; to develop strength over time; the bulk of a concrete mixture; natural gravel; crushed stone; recycled aggregates; demolition and excavation waste; partial replacements; manufactured aggregates; air-cooled blast furnace slag; bottom ash; crushed glass; landscape designer; chemical admixture; in the form of powder or fluid; plain concrete mix; admixture dosage; accelerant; to slow the hydration of concrete; large pour; partial setting; air-entrainer; to reduce damage; freeze-thaw cycle; decrease in compressive strength; water-reducing admixtures; to increase workability; plastic concrete; corrosion inhibitor; to minimize the corrosion of steel bars; bonding agent; to acquire strength and hardness; initial setting; under specific environmental condition; to provide moist environment; to lower permeability; to increase strength; to dry out excessively; tensile stress; exothermic chemical process of hydration; before curing is complete; to interrupt the hydration process; to lead to damage or failure; exposed surface; permeability of concrete; curing time; serviceability problems.
Read text 1 ‘ CONCRETE’. When reading find answers to the following questions?
1. What do you need to make concrete?
2. What is hydration?
3. Where is concrete used besides architectural structures?
4. What materials can be used as aggregate?
5. When are admixtures added to the concrete mix? What are their functions?
6. What conditions are necessary for concrete curing?
7. What damage can improper curing cause?
Then read the text again and do the text-based exercises coming after the text.
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