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Participle

Infinitive.

Gerund.

1. Complete the following sentences with the past sim­ple or the present perfect of the infinitives given in brackets.

A. 1. You (to read) "Oliver Twist"? 2. You (to read) it last year? 3. Peter already (to leave) 4. He (to leave) an hour ago.. 5. Mother (to buy) a new bag. 6. She (to buy) it the other day.

7. We (to cross) the bridge early this morning 8. We never (to cross) it before 9. You (to find) it? 10. When you (to find) the key? 11. I (to hear) these records. 12. I (to hear) them last year.

B. 1. The artist (to draw) lots of pictures last year. 2. They (not to plant) the young apple-tree yet. 3. What he (to say) when you told him about our success? 4. You (to meet) them last week?. 5. He already (to finish) his homework. 6. Tom (see) us at the theatre the other day. 7. You (to be) here since autumn? 8. Ruta (to show) good results in her work 9. She (to work) here for three years. 10. The boys often (to play) together when they were small. 11. Comrade Ozols (to teach) you chemistry last year? 12. He never (to tell) us stories. 13. Aina already (to come)? 14. We (to post) several letters today. 15. Tom (to bring) some interesting photographs last time.

C. 1. Harry (to make) a rocket model. 2. When I (to go) to the seaside I (to take) the newspapers with me. 3. You ever (to draw) a watercolour? 4. Mother already (to hear) the latest news? 5. They (to sing) any English songs at the party last Sat­urday? 6. I hope you (to get) the tickets. 7. Our penfriends (not to write) to us since last month 8. You (to feel) like that before! 9. We (not to go) to the cinema yesterday. 10. We (to listen) to everything Father said at breakfast. 11. He (not to eat) anything since morning. 12. You (to know) each other long? 13. If you (to do) everything, you will be allowed to go. 14. They (to build) that house last year? 15. We (to pay) the rent this month.

2 Use the present perfect instead of the past simple, changing the adverbial modifiers accordingly.

I. Did Andris Roze become a doctor in 1969? 2. Three months ago Tom went to work in a laboratory. 3. We heard the broadcast the other day 4. I saw Helen walking to the bank the day before. 5. Ivan graduated from the institute five years ago. 6. She tidied her room this morning. 7. Martin put on his blue sweater when he went skiing 8. I didn't buy any sweets yesterday.

3. Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets.

1. He made me (do) it all over again. 2. She can (sing) quite well. 3. He will be able (swim) very soon. 4. I used (live) in a caravan. 5. You ought (go) today. It may (rain) tomorrow. 6. You needn't (say) anything. Just nod your head and he will (understand). 7. I want (see) the house where our president was born. 8. He made her (repeat) the message. 9. May I (use) your phone? 10. You needn't (ask) for permission; you can (use) it when­ever you like. 11. If you want (get) there before dark you should (start) at once. 12. I couldn't (remember) his address.

13. You'll be able (do) it yourself when you are older. 14. Would you like (go) now or shall we (wait) till the end? 15. They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our lug­gage has been examined. 16. How dare you (open) my letters! 17. He didn't dare (argue) with his boss. 18. I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day. 19. Will you help me (move) the bookcase? 20. He wouldn't let my baby (play) with his gold watch. 21. They refused (accept) the bribe. 22. He is expected (arrive) in a few days. 23. Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible.

24. He made us (wait) for hours. 25. Could you (tell) me the time, please? 26. We must (send) him a telegram. 27. I let him (go) early as he wanted (meet) his wife. 28. Where would you like (have) lunch? 29. You can (leave) your dog with us if you don't (want) (take) him with you.

30. I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go). 31. We could (go) to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a museum. 32. You seem (know) this area very well.~ Yes, I used (live) here. 33. The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police, and the parents didn't dare (disobey). 34. Need I (come)? I'd much rather (stay) at home. 35. You can (take) a horse to water but you can't (make) him (drink), (proverty) 36. I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any more money till the end of the mont.

4. Insert to where necessary before the infinitives in brackets. (In some of the sentences a present parti­ciple could be used instead of an infinitive. These al­ternatives will be noted in the key.)

1. It is easy (be) wise after the event. 2. Do you (wish) (make) a complaint? 3. We don't (want) anybody (know) that we are here. 4 If you can't (remember) his number you'd better (look) it up 5 I want her (learn) Esperanto, I think everybody ought to (know) it. 6. He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country. 7. Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals. 8. Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please?- I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in. Would you like (speak) to his sec­retary? 9. It's better (travel) hopefully than (arrive), (proverb) 10. He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't you had better (show) him. 11. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt. 12. I heard the door (open) and saw a shadow (move) across the floor. 13. He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother 14. As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house. 15 I felt the house (shake) with the explosion. 16. He told me (try) (come) early. 17. Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen. 18. Would you (like) (come) in my car? ~ No, thanks, I'd rather (walk). 19. I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off. 20. It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) it un­der your bed in an old stocking. 21. He doesn't even bother (read) letters, let alone (answei) them. 22. The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them ho\\ (open) the safe. 23. If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) some­thing? ~ I didn't like (say) anything because he always gets angry i you contradict him. 24. It's better (be) sure than sorry. 25. What do you (want) me (tell) him? ~ Tell him that any time he cares (call) I shall be delightet (discuss) the matter with him. 26. Did you remember (give) him the money? ~ No, I didn't, I still have it in my pocket; but I'll (see) him tonight and I promise (not forget) this time. 27. I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes. 28. That is far too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you. 29. I was afraid (pick) up the revolver as I don't know how (handle) firearms. 30. I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames. 31. There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out. 32. He heard a rooster (crow) in a neighbouring village. 33. You may as well (tell) us the truth. It will (be) easy (check) your story 34. The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go). ~ He must (be) a very old man. 35. It is up to you (learn) the laws of your own country. 36. Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look) more stupid than you are?

5. In each of the following pairs of sentences an infini­tive used in the first sentence is repeated in the sec­ond. Read the sentences, expressing this second in­finitive by to only. Note that where the second in­finitive has an object, this word/phrase must be omitted.

Why didn't you tell me truth the first time? ~ I meant to tell you the truth but I was too frightened.I meant to but I was too frightened. 1. Did you visit the Pyramids? ~ No, I wanted to visit them but there wasn't time. 2. Why do you wear dark glasses? ~ I have to wear them; I have weak eyes. 3. Do you smoke? ~ No, I used to smoke but I don't now. 4. Would you like to go to the theatre tonight? Yes, I'd love to go to the theatre. 5. Why didn't you pay the bill for him? ~ I offered to pay it but he refused. 6. Have you put the car in the garage? ~ No, but I'm just going to put it there. 7. I want you two to apologize to each other. ~ Well, I am willing to apologize if he apologizes first. 8. Did you reserve seats on the train? ~ No, I tried to reserve them but they had all been booked already. 9. Did you answer the letter? ~ No, I intended to answer it but I'm afraid I forgot. 10. Why didn't you hit him? I was afraid to hit him. 11. I'd love to spend a night in a haunted room. ~ I'd hate to spend a night in a haunted room. 12. Why didn't you ask your father for the money? ~ I didn't like to ask him. 13. Did you get a chance to fly the aeroplane yourself? ~ No, I wanted to fly it but the pilot wouldn't let me. 14. Why doesn't he punish his boys when they disobey him? ~ He often threatens to punish them but he never actually does so 15. Why didn't he repair the car himself? ~ He wasn't able to repair it. 16. I used to drink whisky with my meals. ~ I used to drink whisky with my meals also but I don't now. 17. Did you buy sausages? ~ No, I meant to buy them but I forgot. 18. Why doesn't he try again? ~ He doesn't want to try again. 19. You should visit the Prado when you are in Madrid. ~ Yes, I intend to visit it. 20. Why doesn't he play games? ~His mother doesn't want him to play games. 21. You ought to stop work now. ~ Yes, I am just going to stop. 22. Why do some jockeys carry extra weights? ~ They are obliged to carry them by the regulations. 23. Did he help you? ~ No, I asked him to help me but he said he hadn't time. 24. You should have thanked her before you left. ~ I meant to thank her but when I was going I couldn't find her anywhere. 25. Why did she put parsley in the soup? ~ I told her to put it in. 26. Why didn't he report it to the police? ~ He was afraid to report it. He didn't think they'd believe him. 27. Why did he drive so fast? ~ He had to drive fast; otherwise he'd have missed his train. 28. You used to like rice pudding. ~ Yes, I know I used to like it but I don't now. 29. Why didn't you buy the car? ~ I was advised not to buy it. 30. I hope the children won't go near the water. ~ I warned them not to go near it. 31. Why are we trying to get planning permission? ~ We have to get planning permission. It is the law. 32. I meant to work hard. ~ I know you meant to work hard but you didn't. 33. Do the boys tidy their own rooms? ~ They are supposed to tidy them but they don't always. 34. Why didn't he call the police? ~ He wasn't able to call them. His telephone line had been cut. 35. Why did you move your car? ~ The policeman told me to move it. 36. Why did you bring your mother-in-law? I particularly asked you not to bring her.

6. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one sentence using tool enough with infinitive.

It is very cold. We can't go out. It is too cold for us to go out. He is strong. He can carry it. He is strong enough to carry it. Rewrite numbers 3, 20, and 35 using so... as with infinitive. (enough with infinitive could also be used here, while so... as could replace enough in numbers 9, 24, and 29. These alterna­tives are given in the key.)

1. You are very young. You can't have a front-door key. 2. It is very cold. We can't bathe. 3. Would you be very kind and answer this letter by return? 4. I am rather old. I can't wear that kind of hat. 5. The ladder wasn't very long. It didn't reach the window. 6. He hadn't much money. He couldn't live on it. (Omit it.) 7. He was furious. He couldn't speak. 8. The fire isn't very hot. It won't boil a kettle. 9. Tom was very foolish. He told lies to the police. 10. You are quite thin. You could slip between the bars. 11. He is very ill. He can't eat anything. 12. Our new car is very wide. It won't get through those gates. 13. The floor wasn't strong. We couldn't dance on it. (Omit it.) 14. I was terrified. I couldn't move. 15. The bull isn't big. He couldn't harm you. 16. The coffee isn't strong. It won't keep us awake. 17. The river is deep. We can't wade it (Omit it.) 18. He is lazy. He won't get up early. 19. He won't get up early so he never catches the fast train. 20. Would you be very good and forward my letters while I am away? 21. The ice is quite thick. We can walk on it. (Omit it.) 22. He was very drunk. He couldn't answer my question. 23. It is very cold. We can't have breakfast in the garden. 24. He was extremely rash. He set off up the mountain in a thick fog. 25. We aren't very high. We can't see the summit. 26. You aren't very old. You can't understand these things. 27. He was very snobbish. He wouldn't talk to any of us. 28. The package is very thick. I can't push it through the let­terbox. (Omit it.) 29. She was very mean. She never gave to charity. 30. He is very impatient. He never listens to anyone. 31. I was very tired. I couldn't walk any further. 32. It's not very dark. We can't see the stars clearly. 33. It was very hot. You could fry an egg on the pavement. 34. The oranges were very bitter. We couldn't eat them. (Omit them.) 35. Would you be very kind and turn down the radio a little? 36. He is very selfish. He wouldn't put himself out for anyone.

7. Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction.

It is important that he should understand this. It is important for him to understand this. He was the first man who arrived. He was the first man to arrive.

1. The captain was the last man who left the ship. 2. He got to the top and was very disappointed when he found that someone else had reached it first. 3. The committee have decided to send you to Paris. (You (go) to Paris, omit The committee have decided to send.) 4. Would you be very kind and lend me your umbrella? 5. There are a lot of sheets that need mending. 6. I was astonished when I heard that he had left the country. 7. It is better that he should hear it from you. 8. I was rude to him, which was stupid. (It was stupid...) 9. If he had another child with whom he could play he would be happier. 10. It is necessary that everyone should know the truth. 11. There was no place where we could sit. 12. He put his hand into his pocket and was astonished when he found that his wallet wasn't there. 13. He rushed into the burning house, which was very brave of him. (It was very brave...) 14. I can't go to the party; I have nothing that I can wear. 15. // is expected that he will broadcast a statement to­night. (He is expected...) 16. I want a kitchen where (=in which) I can cook. 17. He reached the station exhausted and was very disap­pointed when he learnt that the train had just left. 18. Haven't you anything with which you could open it? 19. It seems that the crime was committed by a left-handed man (The crime seems... Use perfect infinitive passive.) 20. Is it likely that he will arrive before six? (Is he...) 21. I was on the point of leaving the house when the phone rang. 22. This is the plan: someone will meet you at the station... (You.. (be met) at the station) 23. She is anxious that they should have every possible ad­vantage. 24. It is said that he was a brilliant scientist. (He is said...) 25. The strikers decided that the strike should continue. 26. Would you be very kind and translate this for me? 27. It is advisable that we should leave the house separately. 28. You signed the document without reading it, which was very stupid. (It was stupid...) 29. It is said that she has a frightful temper. (She...) 30. He was the first man who swam the Channel. 31. They believe that he is honest. (He...) 32. It appears that he was killed with a blunt instrument. (He appears... Use passive infinitive.) 33. He was the only one who realized the danger. 34. It is said that the earth was originally part of the sun. (The earth...) 35. He took out his spare wheel and was very disappointed when he discovered that that tyre was also punctured. 36. It is said that the murderer is hiding in the woods near your house.

8. Use the perfect infinitive of the verb in italics with the appropriate auxiliary verb. Phrases in bold type should not be repeated, but their meaning should be expressed by the auxiliary + perfect infinitive.

It is possible that he telephoned while we were out. He may have telephoned while we were out.

You (thank) him for his present but you didn't. You should have thanked him for his present.

1. I realized that my house was on fire.~ That (be) a terrible moment. 2. I saw a ghost last night. ~ You (not see) a ghost; there aren't any ghosts. You (dream) it. 3. It is possible that a child broke the window. 4. You carried it yourself, which was not necessary., 5. I've had a toothache for two days. ~ You (go) to the dentist when it started. 6. There (be) motor-cycle races on the sands but as it is so wet they have been cancelled. 7. As I was standing in the hall your dog bit me. ~ It (not be) my dog; he was with me all day. It (be) my brother's dog. 8. I feel terribly ill today. ~ You (not eat) those mushrooms yesterday. Mushrooms don't agree with you. 9. I wonder why he didn't answer? ~ Possibly he didn't understand the question. 10. I gave him a tip, which was not necessary. 11. The prisoner (escape) this way, for here are his foot­prints. 12. You lied to him, which was wrong. 13. I didn't recognize the voice at the other end of the line. ~ It (be) my elder sister; she is often at home at that time. It (not be) my youngest sister as she is abroad. 14. Someone (cook) a meal here lately; the stove is still hot. 15. I've brought my own sandwiches. ~ You (not bring) them. I have enough for two.

16. The burglar went straight to the safe although It was hid­den behind a picture. ~ Someone (tell) him where it was. 17. The president (unveil) the statue, but he is ill so his wife is doing it instead. 18. The plane is late; I wonder what has happened? ~ Possibly it was delayed by fog. 19. I have never met him. ~ You (meet) him; he lives next door to you. 20. I (do) it. (It was my duty to do it, but I didn't.) 21. He (not catch) the 9.20 train because he didn't leave home till 9.25. 22. I opened it, which was unnecessary. 23. The police were here while we were out. ~ Someone (betray) us. 24. I drove at 80 miles an hour, which was wrong. 25. When I was your age I (climb) that mountain, (but I didn't). 26. If a policeman had seen me climbing through your win­dow he (ask) me what I was doing. 27. He said that censorship of news was ridiculous and it (abolish) years ago. (passive verb) 28. You boiled so many eggs; but there are only four of us. 29. She (play) the chief part in the film, but she quarrelled with the director, so he engaged someone else. 30. This poem (be) written by Keats, but I am not certain. 31. He (take) off his hat in the theatre, (but he didn't). 32. People used to walk twenty miles to do their shopping. ~ They (have) a lot of energy in those days. 33. One day he went for a walk up a mountain and never came back. ~ He (fall) over a precipice. 34. I just pressed lightly on the pane and my hand went through. ~ The glass (be) very thin. 35. You translated it into French, which wasn't necessary. 36. You looked at the new moon through glass. It is most unlucky.

9. Fill in the blanks using gerund and prepositions.

1. Alice isn't interested in (look)__________for a new job. 2. Henry is excited (leave)______________for India. 3. You are capable (do)_________________a better job. 4. I have no excuse (be)_________late. 5. I'm accustomed (have)__________a big breakfast. 6. The rain prevented us (complete)________the work. 7. Fred is always complaining (have)_______a headache. 8. Instead (study) _______, Margaret went to a ball game with some of her friends. 9. Thank you (help)_______me carry the packages to the post office.

10. Mrs Grant insisted (know)_______the whole truth. 11. He showed us how to get to his house (draw)________ a map. 12. You should take advantage (go, not)_____to class yes­terday. 13. Everyone in the neighbourhood participated (look) ____ for the lost child. 14. I apologized to Diane (make)________her wait for me. 15. The weather is terrible tonight. I don't blame you (want, not)__________to go to the meeting 16. Who is responsible (wash) ________ and (dry) ______ the dishes after dinner? 17. In addition (go) ________ school full time, Sam has a part-time job. 18. The angry look on his face stopped me (speak) _______my mind. 19. Where should we go for dinner tonight? Would you object (go)____________to an Italian restaurant? 20. The mayor made another public statement for the purpose (clarify)___________the new tax proposal. 21. The thief was accused (steal) ____________ a woman's purse. 22. The jury found Mr. Adams guilty (take) _________ money from the company he worked for and (keep) __________ it for himself. 23. Bill isn't used (wear)__________a suit tie every day.

10. Finish the sentences.

1. Ken went to bed instead of finishing his work, (finish). 2. I thanked her________(lend).

3. I'm excited_________(go). 4. I'm not accustomed__________(live). 5. He didn't feel well. He complained_______(have). 6. I don't blame you__________(want, not). 7. I have a good reason_______(be). 8. It's getting late. I'm worried______(miss). 9. I'm interested_____(go).

10. I apologized to my friend______________(be). 11. I am/am not used________________(drive). 12. Nothing can stop me____________________(go).

13. In that office, who is responsible_____________(take care of).

11. Finish the sentences using by+gerund phrase.

1. Pat turned off the tape recorder________. 2. We show people we are happy__________

3. We decided who should get the last piece of pie________ 4. I found out what "quench" means____ 5. Tony improved his listening comprehension skills 6. Alex caught my attention_________ 7. They got rid of the rats in the building___ 8. My dog shows me she is happy____ 9. He accidentally electrocuted himself_____.

12. Complete the sentences with gerund

1. The night after Brucel's concert, Maureen (dream/go) to another concert at the Garden.

2. It upsets Mr Mitchell when Marvin (talk/drop) out of school.

3. Some of Ellrod's friends aren't very good at school, but they (be good/play) music and basketball. 4. At the beginning Tommy was so confident that he (not think/apologize) to Deblie.

5. After the chieftains had won some games again, Steve (be proud/be) captain.

6. Long before the Europeans came to America, many Indian tribes (be good/farm) the land.

13. Write the verb phrase in the appropriate tense put­ting the two verbs in parentheses in correct order, include gerund.

Martin was pleased when his American friend, Keith, invited him to a dinner party on Friday night. Immediately, he _____ (plan, begin) for the party. He_______(bring, like) gifts to peo­ple, so he asked his roommate Kevin, for suggestion. Kevin _________ (take, suggest) a bottle of wine. But Martin didn't drink wine, so he bought Keith a new stereocassette player for his car. Kevin_______(advise, wear) casual clothes to the party, but Martin________(prefer, wear) his best suit & tie. When Friday night arrived, Martin__________(start, get).

14. Complete the sentences with the missing particles or. ' prepositions and gerund. Choose from these verbs:

get, take, be, send, try, give, buy, do.

It is February 14. Michael has received flowers. The card says "From a Secret Admirer."

M.: (to himself) Red roses! There're beautiful! I bet they're from Janet. It's so nice of her to think_____________________ flowers on Valentine's Day. I'll call her. (He dials Janet's number. The phone rings.)

I.: Hello.

M.: Hi, Janet. It's Mike. I just wanted to thank you_______ so romantic. I've often dreamed _______________ roses from a woman. I can always count_____your_______something nice.

I.: Roses? I... uh... don't believe_______men gifts. I object ___________women_________the first step in a relationship. (She hangs up.)

M.: (to himself) Hmmm... she doesn't admit _________the flowers. Then who sent them? I can't give____to find out. (He dials the phone. A woman answers it.)

M.: Hello, Betty. It's Mike. I just wanted to thank you for the flowers......

15. Complete the sentences with the missing preposition and gerunds. Use the verb in parentheses.

Children are always happy___________ (celebrate) holidays, but most American children get specially excited _______ (get) ready for Halloween. Every year in October, children, who usually hate to go to the market begin to get interested ________ (shop). They are eager to pick out a costume and a pumpkin. Adults who are good ____________ (carve) pumpkins cut happy or sad faces in them. With lighted candles in them, the pumpkins become Jack - O' - lanterns, symbols of Halloween. g On October 31, children go trick — or — treating. They clever seem to get tired______(run) from house to house to fill their bags with candy. Little children are sometimes afraid ______(go) out on Halloween because of the ghosts and mon­sters on the streets. Their parents are often worried_____(save)

their children's teeth from all those sweets.

16. Complete the sentences with the gerund form of a suitable verb.

1. The newspaper's financial editor advised his reader not to buy speculative snares unless they were prepared to risk... their money. 2. This room will look very cheerful once you're finished... it 3. I wish you wouldn't keep... me what I already know all too well. 4. It is difficult to see how the company can avoid... another loss this year. 5. It was so ridiculous that I couldn't resist... outright. 6. The secretary asked if I would mind... for a few minutes.

7. The way to learn a language is to practise... it as often as possible. 8. Everyone said how much they had enjoyed... to the speech. 9. When you've finished the book you can tell me if it's worth... 10. He was very lucky to escape... (passive) to prison. 11. You should stop... about the examinations. „ 12. She was so upset that she couldn't help... 13. The job will entail your... to different parts of the coun­try, often at short notice. 14. The teacher said he wouldn't tolerate my... late every day. 15. The question is so trivial, it hardly justifies our... up any more time discussing it.

17. Complete the sentences using the gerund form of a suitable verb. To functions as a preposition in every case. Note that the "perfect" form is required in some sentences.

1. The Prime Minister said he was looking forward to... the US President. 2. He should be accustomed by now to... English food 3. The policeman couldn't swear to... the accused man at the scene of the crime. 4. Do you think your father would object to...? 5. He said he wasn't used to... in public. 6. Having almost run out of money we were reduced to... in _a cheap hotel. 7. He tried to limit himself to... ten cigarettes a day.

8. Manufacturers were asked to devote all their energies to... exports. 9. We aren't going. My wife doesn't feel like to so far. 10. The committee could see no alternative to... thee plan in its original form.

18. Complete the sentences using gerunds.

1. My doctor advised me to give up... 2. We had to put off... 3. That company specializes in... 4. The judge was accused of... 5. Many people get a great deal of satisfaction from... 6. I told him not to bother about... 7. The teacher decided against... 8. On... he took off his hat.

9. We asked a solicitor for advice before... 10. By... he ran the risk of... 11. After... the customer left the shop without... 12. By... the student improved his chances of...

19. Complete the sentences using gerunds.

1. There are many difficulties involved in... 2. You must be tired of... 3. The boy was severely reprimanded for... 4. The public were warned of the dangers of... 5. He doesn't take any interest in... 6. You seem to be very fond of... 7. The soldier was court - martialled for...8. Who is responsible for...? 9. You ought to think about..., instead of... 10. This new scheme goes a long way towards... 11. I would never think of... 12. They saw no reason for not...

20. Put the verbs in brackets into a gerund form.

1. He gave up (gamble). 2. Try to avoid (make) him angry. 3. Stop (argue) and star t (work). 4. The children prefer (watch) TV to (read). 5. I am against (make) any complaints. 6. It's no use (cry) over spilt milk, (proverb) 7. I suggest (hold) another meeting next week. 8. He finished (speak) and sat down.' 9. He was fined for (drive) without lights. 10. It is difficult to get used to (eat) with chopsticks. 11. If you can't turn the key try (put) some oil in the lock. 12. He lost no time in (get) down to work. 13. You can't make an omelette without (break) eggs. (proverb) 14. We are looking forward to (read) your new book. 15. They escaped by (slide) down ropes made of blankets. 16. They don't allow (smoke) in here. 17. He is thinking of (leave) his job and (go) to America. 18. After (read) this article you will give up (smoke). 19. If you put your money into that business you risk (lose) every penny. 20. Imagine (live) with someone who never stops (talk). 21. Is there anything here worth (buy)? 22. He was accused of (leak) information to the press. 23. You'd better consult your lawyer before (decide) to buy the property. 24. I don't enjoy (go) to the dentist. 25. Would you mind (put) your pet snake somewhere else? 26. The hostages were rescued without a shot (be) fired. 27. By (work) day and night he succeeded in (finish) the job in time. 28. He has a scheme for (make) grass grow in winter. 29. I don't feel like (work); what about (go) to a disco in­stead? 30. Would you mind (write) your name and address on the back of the cheque? 31. If a thing is worth (do) at all it is worth (do) well. (proverb) 32. I hate (borrow) money. 33. He was furious at (be) mistaken for an escaped convict. 34. After (talk) for ten minutes I succeeded in (convince) him that there was no danger. 35. I remember (read) a review of that book and (think) I'd like to get it. 36. As a result of (listen) at keyholes he learnt many facts which he had no hesitation in (use) to his own advantage.

21. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive).

1. I am looking forward to (see) you. 2. He dreads (have) to retire. 3. I arranged (meet) them here. 4. He urged us (work) faster. 5. I wish (see) the manager. 6. It's no use (wait). 7 He warned her (not touch) the wire. 8. Don't forget (lock) the door before (go) to bed. 9. My mother told me (not speak) to anyone about it. 10. I can't understand her (behave) like that. 11. He tried (explain) but she refused (listen). 12. At dinner she annoyed me by (smoke) between the courses. 13. You are expected (know) the safety regulations of the college. 14. He decided (disguise) himself by (dress) as a woman. 15. I am prepared (wait) here all night if necessary. 16. Would you mind (show) me how (work) the lift? 17. After (walk) for three hours we stopped to let the others (catch up) with us. 18. I am beginning (understand) what you mean. 19. He was fined for (exceed) the speed limit. 20. The boys like (play) games but hate (do) lessons. 21. I regret (inform) you that your application has been re­fused. 22. I couldn't help (overhear) what you said. 23. Mrs Jones: I don't allow (smoke) in my drawing-room. Mrs Smith: I don't allow my family (smoke) at all. 24. He surprised us all by (go) away without (say) "Good­bye". 25. Please go on (write); I don't mind (wait). 26. He wore dark glasses (avoid) (be) recognized. 27. Before (give) evidence you must swear (speak) the truth. 28. I tried (persuade) him (agree) with your proposal. 29. Your windows need (clean); would you like me (do) them for you? 30. Would you mind (shut) the window? I hate (sit) m a draught. 31. I can't help (sneeze): I caught a cold yesterday from (sit) in a draught. 32. Do stop (talk); I am trying (finish) a letter. 33. His doctor advised him (give up) (jog). 34. My watch keeps (stop).- That's because you keep (forget) (wind) it. 35. Without (realize) it, he hindered us instead of (help) us 36 People used (make) fire by (rub) two sticks together.

22. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive).

1. He hates (answer) the phone, and very often just lets it (ring) 2. If you go on (let) your dog (chase) cars he'll end by (be) run over 3. I prefer (drive) to (be driven). 4. I advise you (start) (look) for a flat at once. 5. Would you mind (lend) me £5? I forgot (cash) a cheque. 6. (Lie) on this beach is much more pleasant than (sit) in the office. 7. She likes her children (go) to the dentist every six months. 8. By (neglect) (take) ordinary precautions he endangered the life of his crew. 9. An instructor is coming (show) us how (use) the aq­ualung. 10. I have no intention of (go) to that film; I couldn't bear-(see) my favourite actress in such a dreadful part. 11. I suggest (telephone) the hospital before (ask) the police (look) for him. 12. After (hear) the conditions I decided (not enter) for the competition. 13. Some people seem (have) a passion for (write) to the newspapers. 14. He expects me (answer) by return but I have no inten­tion of (reply) at all. 15. I tried (explain) to him but he refused (listen) and went on (grumble). 16. By (offer) enormous wages he is persuading men (leave) their present jobs and (work) for him. 17. He postponed (make) a decision till it was too late (do) anything. 18. Imagine (have) (get up) at five a.m. every day! 19. Try (forget) it; it isn't worth (worry) about. 20. There is no point in (remain) in a dangerous place if you can't do anything (help) the people who have (stay) there. 21. The horse won't be well enough (run) in tomorrow's race. He doesn't seem (have recovered) from his long journey. 10. Sometimes teenagers get into trouble with their parents 22. At first I enjoyed (listen) to him but after a while I got tired of (hear) the same story again and again. 23. It is usually easier (learn) a subject by (read) books than by (listen) to lectures. 24. It wouldn't be safe (start) down now; we'll have (wait) till the mist clears. 25. The police accused him of (set) fire to the building but he denied (have been) in the area on the night of the fire. 26. I left my door open. Why didn't you walk in? ~ I didn't like (go) in when you weren't there. 27. It's much better (go) to a hairdresser than (try) (save) time by (cut) your own hair. 28. I'd rather (earn) my living by (scrub) floors than (make) money by (blackmail) people. 29. After (discuss) the matter for an hour the committee ad­journed without (have reached) any decision. 30. It's not much use (have) a bicycle if you don't know how (ride) it. 31. He didn't dare (leave) the house because he was afraid of (meet) someone who might (recognize) him. 32. I distinctly remember (pay) him. I gave him £2. 33. Did you remember (give) him the key of the safe? ~ No, I didn't. I'll go and do it now. 34. Please forgive me for (interrupt) you but would you mind (repeat) that last sentence? 35. I know my hair wants (cut) but I never have time (go) to the hairdresser's. 36. He made a lot of money by (buy) tickets in advance and (sell) them for twice the price on the day of the match. 37. She rushed out the room without (give) me a chance (explain). 38. He keeps (ask) me the time and I keep (tell) him (buy) himself a watch. 39. He has a theory that it is possible (tell) the time in day light by (look) into a cat's eyes. 40. I'd hate (be) beside a volcano when it started (erupt).

23. Fill in the blanks using gerund or infinitive.

1. Keep (talk)_____________I'm listening to you. 2. The children promised (play) ________ more quietly. They promised (make, not)_________so much noise. 3. Linda offered (look after) ________ my cat while I was out of town. 4. You shouldn't put off (pay)_______your bills. 5. Mark mentioned (go) ____________ to the market later today. I wonder if he's still planning (go)________. 6. Fred suggested (go) _______ (ski) ______ in the moun­tains this weekend. How does that sound to you? 7. The doctor ordered Mr. Gray (smoke, not) ___________. 8. Don't tell me his secret. I prefer (know, not)_________. 9. Could you please stop (whistle) ______? I'm trying (concentrate)____________on my work.

10. She finally decided (quit) _________ her present job and (look for) another one.

11. Did you remember (turn off)________the stove? 12. Jack was allowed (renew)__________his student visa 13. Pat told us (wait, not)___________for her. I

14. Mr Buck warned his daughter (play, not) _________ with matches. 15. Would you please remind me (call)____Alice tomorrow? 16. Liz encouraged me (throw away)______my old running shoes and (buy)_________a new pair without holes in the toes 17. I'm considering (drop out of)________school, (hitchike) __________to New York, and (try)_______ (find)______a job. 18. Don't forget (tell) ______ Jane (call) ______ me about (go)_______ (swim)_________tomorrow. 19. Sally reminded me (ask) _______ you (tell)________

Bob (remember) ________ (bring) ________ his soccer ball to the picnic.

24. Rewrite these sentences using past participle.

1. The painting was lost for many years. It turned up at an auction. 2. Although the meat was cooked for several hours, it was still tough. 3. If the picture is seen from this angle, it looks rather good. 4. The vegetables which are sold in this shop are grown without chemicals.

5. When the poem is read aloud it is very effective.

25. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms. Note that sometimes a bare infinitive will be re­quired.

1. "I was lonely at first," the old man admitted, "but after a time I got used to (live) alone and even got (like) it." 2. Before trains were invented people used (travel) on horse­back or in stage coaches. It used (take) a stage coach three days (go) from London to Bath. 3. I meant (buy) an evening paper but I didn't see anyone (sell) them. 4. Tom: I want (catch) the 7. a.m. train tomorrow. Ann: But that means (get) up at 6.00; and you're not very good at (get) up early, are you? 5. He accepted the cut in salary without complaint be­cause he was afraid (complain). He was afraid of (lose) his job. 6. She remembers part of her childhood quite clearly. She remembers (go) to school for the first time and (be) frightened and (put) her finger in her mouth. And she remembers her teacher (tell) her (take) it out. 7. Did you remember (lock) the car? ~ No, I didn't. I'd better (go) back and (do) it now. 8. No, I didn't move the bomb. I was afraid (touch) it; I was afraid of (be) blown to pieces! 9. Next time we go (house hunt), remember (ask) the agent for clear directions. I wasted hours (look) for the last house.

10. Tom: Let's (go) for a swim. Ann: I'm not particularly keen on (swim). What about (go) for a drive instead? 11. The hunters expected (be paid) by the foot for the snakes they caught. This meant (take) the snakes out of the sack and (measure) them. They seemed (expect) me (do) it; but I wasn't particularly anxious (be) the first (die) of snakebite. 12. After (spend) two days (argue) where to go for their holi­days, they decided (not go) anywhere. 13. He is talking about (give) up his job and (go) (live) in the country. 14. I was just about (leave) the office when the phone rang. It was my wife; she wanted me (call) at the butcher's on my way home. 15. He said, "I'm terribly sorry to (keep) you (wait)." I said, "It doesn't matter at all," but he went on (apologize) for nearly five minutes! 16. The lecturer began by (tell) us where the island was, and went on (talk) about its history. 17. My father thinks I am not capable of (earn) my own liv­ing, but I mean (show) him that he is wrong. 18. Tom: I can't get my car (start) on cold mornings. Jack: Have you tried (fill) the radiator with hot water? That sometimes helps.

19. Did he manage (carry) the trunk upstairs? ~ No, he didn't. He isn't strong enough (move) it, let alone (carry) it upstairs. 20. Jack: Don't forget (take) a hacksaw with you. Ann: What's a hacksaw? And why should I (take) one with me? Jack: It's a tool for (cut) metal. You see, Tom is bound (get) into trouble for (take) photographs of the wrong things, and you'll be arrested with him. With a hacksaw you'll be able (saw) through the bars of your cell and (escape). 21. Peter: Wouldn't it be better (ask) Tom (leave) his camera at home? Jack: It would be no good (ask) Tom (do) that. It would be like (ask) a woman (travel) without a handbag. 22. I've got the loaf; now I'm looking for a bread knife (cut) it with. ~ I saw Paul (sharpen) a pencil with the bread knife a minute ago. 23. We stopped once (buy) petrol and then we stopped again (ask) someone the way. 24. When I caught them (cheat) me, I stopped (buy) petrol there and started (deal) with your garage instead. 25. Do yon feel like (dine) out or would you rather (have) dinner at home? ~ I'd like (go) out. I always enjoy (have) dinner in a restaurant. 26. Your hair needs (cut). You'd better (have) it done tomor­row — unless you'd like me (have) a go at it for you. 27. I tried (convince) him that I was perfectly capable of (manage) on my own, but he insisted on (help) me. 28. Jack: I don't mind (travel) by bus, but I hate (stand) in queues.

Tom: I don't care" for (queue) either; and you waste so much time (wait) for buses. I think it's better (go) by tube, or taxi. 29. He took to (follow) me about and (criticize) my work till I threatened (hit) him. 30. I have (stay) here; I'm on duty. But you needn't (wait); you're free (go) whenever you like. 31. In Animal Farm the old pig urged the animals (rebel) against man but he warned them (not adopt) man's habits. 32. There is no point in (arrive) half an hour early. We'd only have (wait). ~ I don't mind (wait). It's better (be) too early than too late. 33. I always try (come) in quietly but they always hear me (go) upstairs. It's impossible (climb) an old wooden staircase at night without (make) a noise. 34. If you agree (work) for me; I'll see about (get) you a work permit. 35. We'd better (start) early. We don't want (risk) (get) caught in a traffic jam. 36. He suggested (call) a meeting and (let) the workers (decide) the matter themselves.

26. Translate into English.

1. Вы действительно виноваты в том, что спровоцировали эту драку. 2. Я всегда боялся потерять его расположение. 3. Не упустите случая посмотреть эту выставку. 4. Вы совершенно уверены, что эти слова относятся к моей матери? 5. Я чувствовал, как дрожали ее руки, когда она надевала пальто. 6. Он отошел в сторону, чтобы я мог пройти. 7. Сообщают, что экспедиция достигла места назначения. 8. Вальтер Скотт считается создателем исторического романа. 9. Кажется, она не хочет делать ничего, из того, что я предлагаю. 10. Его контора оказалась на одной из отдаленных улиц города. 11. Она проследила, как он прошел по улице и зашел в какой-то дом. 12. Он хотел, чтобы я поехала с ним в Индию. 13. Я увидел, как у нашего дома остановилось такси. 14. Бесполезно спрашивать его об этом. 15. Они решили не посылать ему телеграмму.

27. Translate into English.

1. Я так часто замечал, что перемена лекарства творит чудеса. 2. Что заставляет вас так думать? 3. Давай будем лучшими в мире друзьями. 4. Дней десять мы, казалось, питались только холодным мясом и хлебом. 5. Мне был отвратителен шум дождя, стучавшего по крыше. 6. Поставив машину в гараж, он вспомнил, что не завтракал. 7. Мне нравится делать людей счастливыми. 8. Извините, что я занял ваше место. 9. Когда он пишет письма, он не любит, чтобы его беспокоили. 10. Ходил слух, что они, кажется, наконец собрались по­жениться. 11. Я не люблю, когда вы так говорите. 12. Он смотрел на ковер, ожидая его ответа. 13. Я думаю, все с нетерпением ожидали его возвращения. 14. Не забывайте закрывать окна, уходя из дома. 15. Когда ты подстригся?

28. Translate into English.

1. Я почувствовал, что у меня екнуло сердце. 2. Так как дверь и окно комнаты были открыты, мы заглянули в нее. 3. У нас нет надежды увидеться с ним в скором времени 4. Он услышал, как городские часы пробили 12. 5. Озеро было неспокойно, но я продолжал грести. 6. Я настаивал, чтобы ко мне относились с уважением. 7. Оставшись одна, она села за стол, чтобы написать статью. 8. Здесь нет никого, с кем он мог бы поиграть. 9. Она отрицала, что была в тот вечер на станции. 10. Он избегал смотреть на Сабину. 11. Вы можете заказать себе платья в Европе. 12. Он говорил достаточно громко, чтобы вы могли его услышать. 13. Он оказался идеальным учителем. 14. Говорят, что Эдит похожа на меня. 15. Мы рассчитываем, что они вернутся через несколько дней. 16. Я не могу допустить, чтобы вы так говорили! 17. Говорят, что он очень хорошо переводит стихи. 18. Я случайно знаю номер его телефона. 19. Он, бесспорно, отправляется в экспедицию в январе. 20. Она не могла не улыбнуться.

29. Translate into English.

1. Сообщалось, что премьера спектакля состоится 9 ав­густа. 2. Мы не позволим Вам не обращать внимания на него. 3. Оказалось, что я забыл ключи дома. 4. Он не хотел, чтобы Давид жил дома. 5. Говорят, что нашли древние захоронения. 6. Я заставил его снять пальто и выпить чашку чая. 7. Говорят, он очень много путешествовал. 8. Вам обязательно нужно сфотографироваться к среде. 9. Говорят, он работает над новой книгой уже целый год. 10. Я попрошу, чтобы Эни помогла мне собрать и упако­вать вещи. 11. Мистер Осборн хотел, чтобы его сын женился на Эмили, отец которой был очень богат. 12. Считается, что эта картина написана Репиным. 13. Никто не заметил, как он вошел и стал у двери. 14. Ожидается, что директор школы выступит на вы-пускном вечере. 15. Мрачные мысли не давали Роберту уснуть в ту ночь. 16. Говорят, что римляне построили в Англии хорошие дороги. 17. Похоже, он уже завершил работу над книгой 18. Кажется, что ему нравится представление. 19. Его считают одним из наиболее опытных футболистов в команде. 20. Они уговорили гостя сыграть на пианино. 21. Видели, как он бежал по направлению к лесу. 22. Когда вы, наконец, настроите свой рояль? На нем не­возможно играть! 23. Где вы починили велосипед? 24. Говорят, что оперная труппа дала несколько пред­ставлений в Лондоне. 25. Он услышал, как часы пробили 12. 26. Сообщается, что самолет приземлился вовремя. 27. Они наблюдали, как он поднялся и вошел в дверь.

30. Translate into English.

1. Женщина, сидящая в кресле, — жена редактора. 2. Стоящий у доски мужчина — наш преподаватель. 3. Забор, окружающий сад, недавно покрашен. 4. Из-за младенца, плакавшего в соседней комнате, я вчера вечером не мог заснуть. 5. Джон купил автомобиль, бывший в употреблении. 6. Полиция ищет украденный автомобиль. 7. Разрекламированный товар в магазине отсутствовал. 8. Статьи, написанные этим политическим наблюдателем, читают во всем мире с большим интересом. 9. Мы обсуждаем статью, написанную Джоном Ниль-соном. 10. Не буди спящего ребенка. 11. Ребенок, спящий на диване, болен. 12. Чувствуя себя больным, Джо решил не ездить на работу. 13. Встретив Нэнси, Анна от радости заплакала. 14. Спросив меня о моих летних планах, г-н Смит вдруг улыбнулся. 15. Будучи занятым, Джек отказался от предложения. 16. Прочитав газету, он написал несколько деловых писем

31. Translate into English.

1. Джону нравится изучать иностранные языки. 2. Я не помню, что видел такой фильм 3 Он любит играть в шахматы. 4. Джек гордится тем, что попал в число победителей соревнований. 5. Дети настояли на том, чтобы после обеда смотреть телевизионные передачи. 6. Мне неинтересно слушать ее сплетни. 7. У вас нет никакого основания отказать Джеку во встрече 8. Моя жена не одобряет, что я так быстро езжу на авто­мобиле. 9. Я против того, чтобы Боб правил машиной. 10. Я боялся пропустить поезд.

11. Джек намеревается купить новый автомобиль. 12. Я предпочитаю встретиться с вами возле Карнеги Холл. 13. Я буду признателен, если вы мне перезвоните. 14. Простите, что я вас беспокою. 15. Я кончил печатать деловое письмо. 16. Она не могла не улыбнуться. 17. Она отрицает, что позвонила Альберту. 18. Мартин избегает встречаться с нами. 19. Она воздержалась от упоминания имен своих зна­комых.

20. Анна не в состоянии причинить зло.

32. Translate into English.

1. Принимать снотворное вредно. 2. Вот письмо, которое следует отправить как можно скорее. 3. Он слишком нервный, чтобы править машиной. 4. Полет, возможно, отменен.

5. Вы должны посвятить больше времени изучению английского языка. 6. Я хотела выпить чашку кофе. 7. Позвольте мне сказать несколько слов. 8. Будем друзьями. 9. Прекратим теперь разговор. 10. Я слышал, как мои соседи ссорились.

11. Вы слышали, как Джейн играет на скрипке? 12. Я видел, как он упал. 13. Я слышал, как он назвал ваше имя. 14. Он заставил нас ждать три часа. 15. Из-за чего вы смеетесь? 16. Вы бы лучше позвонили врачу. 17. Ты бы лучше сказал родителям правду. 18. Я предпочел бы послушать музыку 19. Моя жена помогла мне искать очки.

20. Помогите мне отодвинуть этот диван.