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Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | ||||||||
I You He She It We You They | go go goes go go go | I You He She It We You They | do not do not does not do not do not do not | go | Do
Do
Does
Do Do Do | I you he she it we you they | go? | |||
The Present Indefinite has the same form as the Infinitive (without to), - s is added for the 3rd person singular.
The negative is formed with does not + Infinitive (without to) for the 3rd person singular, and do not + Infinitive (without to) for all other persons. Do not is usually contracted to don't, and does not to doesn't.
The interrogative is formed with does + subject + Infinitive (without to) for the 3rd person singular, and do + subject + Infinitive (without to) for all other persons.
♦ Most verbs take -s in the third person singular.
I read - he reads
♦ Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x and -o, take -es.
I kiss - he kisses, I brush - he brushes, I teach - he teaches, I fix - he fixes, I go - he goes
♦ Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the -y and take -ies.
I try- he tries, I fly - he flies
♦ Verbs ending in a vowel + y, simply take -s.
I buy - he buys
Remember: Affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences with the verbs to be and to have/have got are formed in the following way:
TO BE
Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | |||
I am You are He She is It We are They are | a student students | I am not You are not He She is not It We are not They are not | a student students | Am I Are you He Is she It Are we Are they | a student? students? |
TO HAVE/HAVE GOT
Affirmative | Negative | Interrogative | |||
I have You have He She has It We have They have | have got have got has got have got have got | I do not have You do not have He She does not have It We do not have They do not have | have not got have not got has not got have not got have not got | Do I have Do you have he have Does she have it have Do we have Do they have | Have I got Have you got he got Has she got it got Have we got Have they got |
USAGE
The Present Indefinite is used to denote:
1) repeated/ habitual actions: He usually goes to bed at 11.
2)permanent situations or states: She works as a nurse.
3)permanent truths or laws of nature: Water freezes at 0ºC.
4)timetables/programmes (future meaning): The match finishes at 7.
5)reviews/sports commentaries/dramatic narrative: Meryl Streep acts brilliantly in this film.
6) future actions after words ‘ when’, ‘ until’, ‘ after’, ‘ before’, ‘as soon as’ in a future sentence: I will call you when I have time. (Not ‘will have’).
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The following time expressions can be used with the Present Indefinite: every day/ week/ month/ year, usually, often, always, rarely, never, sometimes, from time to time, in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, at night, on Sundays, etc.
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