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FORMATION

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I You He She It We You They go go goes   go go go I You He She It We You They do not do not does not   do not do not do not   go Do Do
 
 


Does

 

Do

Do

Do

I you he she it we you they   go?
               

The Present Indefinite has the same form as the Infinitive (without to), - s is added for the 3rd person singular.

The negative is formed with does not + Infinitive (without to) for the 3rd person singular, and do not + Infinitive (without to) for all other persons. Do not is usually contracted to don't, and does not to doesn't.

The interrogative is formed with does + subject + Infinitive (without to) for the 3rd person singular, and do + subject + Infinitive (without to) for all other persons.

 

♦ Most verbs take -s in the third person singular.

I read - he reads

♦ Verbs ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x and -o, take -es.

I kiss - he kisses, I brush - he brushes, I teach - he teaches, I fix - he fixes, I go - he goes

♦ Verbs ending in a consonant + y, drop the -y and take -ies.

I try- he tries, I fly - he flies

 

♦ Verbs ending in a vowel + y, simply take -s.

I buy - he buys

 

Remember: Affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences with the verbs to be and to have/have got are formed in the following way:

TO BE

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I am You are He She is It We are They are   a student   students I am not You are not He She is not It We are not They are not   a student   students Am I Are you He Is she It Are we Are they   a student?   students?
           

TO HAVE/HAVE GOT

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
I have You have He She has It We have They have have got have got   has got   have got have got I do not have You do not have He She does not have It We do not have They do not have have not got have not got has not got   have not got have not got Do I have Do you have he have Does she have it have Do we have Do they have Have I got Have you got he got Has she got it got Have we got Have they got
           

USAGE

The Present Indefinite is used to denote:

1) repeated/ habitual actions: He usually goes to bed at 11.

2)permanent situations or states: She works as a nurse.

3)permanent truths or laws of nature: Water freezes at 0ºC.

4)timetables/programmes (future meaning): The match finishes at 7.

5)reviews/sports commentaries/dramatic narrative: Meryl Streep acts brilliantly in this film.

6) future actions after words ‘ when’, ‘ until’, ‘ after’, ‘ before’, ‘as soon as’ in a future sentence: I will call you when I have time. (Not ‘will have’).

The following time expressions can be used with the Present Indefinite: every day/ week/ month/ year, usually, often, always, rarely, never, sometimes, from time to time, in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, at night, on Sundays, etc.    


The following time expressions can be used with the Present Indefinite: every day/ week/ month/ year, usually, often, always, rarely, never, sometimes, from time to time, in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, at night, on Sundays, etc.

 




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UNIT 1. MEANING AND CREATION OF VERBS | FORMATION | Say that somebody is doing it. | Open the brackets. Use either the Present Continuous or Present Indefinite. | Translate into English. Use either the Present Continuous or Present Indefinite. | FORMATION | Open the brackets. Use the Present Perfect. | Translate into English. Use the Present Perfect. | Translate into Russian. | Oral activity |


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