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СЛОЖНОЕ ПОДЛЕЖАЩЕЕ (COMPLEX SUBJECT)

Оборот Complex Subject (Сложное подлежащее) состоит из грамматического подлежащего и инфинитива, стоящего после сказуемого, выраженного личной формой глагола.

Конструкция Complex Subject употребляется, когда сказуемое выражено:

глаголами: to advise, to allow, to ask, to believe, to consider, to expect, to feel, to find, to force, to hear, to instruct, to intend, to invite, to know, to leave, to let, to make, to mean, to order, to persuade, to report, to request, to require, to say, to see, to show, to surprise, to teach, to tell, to think, to understand, to watch и др. в форме Passive Voice.

Model:

The talks are expected to begin in March. а) Ожидают, что переговоры начнутся в марте. б) Переговоры, как ожидают, начнутся в марте.

Exercise 1. Read and translate the following sentences.

A. People are known to act guiltily when they are innocent. 2. Mr. Kent is believed to have survived the accident. 3. Who is supposed to be in charge of the expedition? 4. Young Roy was said to be very attractive to girls. 5. He wasn’t expected to inherit the family business. 6. The group was reported to have got in touch with some university professors. 7. Tom was considered to be the cleverest boy in his class. 8. The committee was thought to have made a thorough investigation.

B. 1. The marine species are said to have alteration of haploid and diploid generations. 2. The reduction is believed to be caused by the acids of cod liver oil. 3. Plants are known to absorb most of their nutrients from the soil solution. 4. This reaction is known to be unfavourable to the growth of higher plants. 5. Air is believed to be a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen with small amounts of other gases. 6. This phenomenon is believed to have taken place a few years ago. 7. Highly infectious virus diseases are now recognized to be transmitted by insects. 8. Wheat is said to have bean grown in China 3,000 years ago. 9. This scientist is said to have developed a new drought resistant variety of wheat. 10. This land is said to produce a good crop every year. 11. This soil is thought to contain much moisture. 12. Ground water was found to contain a great deal of impurities.

Exercise 2. Paraphrase the sentences using the Complex Subject.

1. It is reported that the talks were conducted in an atmosphere of friendship and deep understanding. 2. It is expected that the contacts between the two countries will develop. 3. It is supposed that the conference will open at the end of the week. 4. It is believed that the Congress will be attended by more than 250 representatives from various countries. 5. It was reported that the session would last for five days. 6. People consider the climate in the mountains to be very healthy. 7. It is known that newspapers in western countries publish a tot of sensational material. 8. They said that the book was remarkable for the scientist’s deep exploration of the subject.

Exercise 3. Translate these sentences into English using the Complex Subject.

1. Полагают, что он в Лондоне. 2. Ожидается, что зима в этом году будет холодная. 3. Говорят, что этот дом был построен около двухсот лет назад. 4. Полагают, что пожар начался ночью. 5. Полагали, что он уже уехал. 6. Известно, что он придерживается иного мнения по этому вопросу. 7. Сообщают, что экспедиция выехала 15 мая. 8. Ожидают, что договор будет подписан на этой неделе. 9. Предполагается, что он должен хорошо знать эту проблему. 10. Полагают, что они доберутся до места назначения вовремя.

 

2) глаголами to seem, to appear (казаться, по-видимому), to prove, to turn out, to come out (оказываться), to happen, to chance (случаться, случайно оказаться) в форме Active Voice.

Model:

This studentseemsto know two languages. а) Кажется, что этот студент знает два языка. б) Этот студент, кажется, знает два языка.

Перед глаголами to seem, to appear, to prove, to happen иногда стоит there:

Model:

Thereseemto be no changes in the results of the experiments. Кажется, нет никаких изменений в результатах экспериментов.

Exercise 4. Use the infinitive in brackets in the correct form.

1. He was told that his grandmother seemed (to feel) a little better. 2. The letter seemed (to write) years before. 3. Joe lost his chance again but didn’t seem (to care) much. 4. I seem (to hear) of it in some connection lately. 5. The editor didn’t seem (to listen) to me. 6. He seems (to be) very busy lately. 7. Jim seemed (to grow old) since that night.

Exercise 5. Read and translate the sentences.

A. 1. I’ll be happy if my suspicions prove to be wrong. 2. Did you happen to notice whether the window was open or shut? 3. She seemed to be unaware of the child’s presence. 4. The painter seemed to have lost all interest in his work. 5. Nobody appeared to have an answer to this question. 6. What a charming girl she has turned out to be!

B. 1. No other element seems to be more important to life than oxygen. 2. Many factors seem to be involved, but probably the most important of all is the relative length of day and night. 3. The theory seems to be supported by the fossil evidence. 4. The cell wall appears to be nonliving. 5. The method in question has proved to be unreliable. 6. The land seems to have been exhausted by the continued growing of this crop. 7. It did not seem that the treatment applied had affected the development of the plant. 8. The fertility of the nut trees appear to be improving due to the taken measures. 9. This drought appears to have damaged the crop very seriously. 10. Fur appears to be especially useful for keeping an animal warm.

Exercise 6. Translate the phrases in brackets.

1. You must forgive me (я, кажется, надоел вам) with the story of my life. 2. The course he had chosen ten years ago (оказался очень важным для него). 3. (Ты случайно не помнишь) the name of her father-in-law? 4. (Работа оказалась гораздо труднее) than we had supposed. 5. (Вы случайно не знаете) if they’ve reached an agreement?

Exercise 7. Translate these sentences into English.

1. Оказалось, что он уснул. 2. Кажется, они ждут вас внизу. 3. План оказался успешным. 4. Этот вопрос, кажется, очень важный. 5. Кажется, он знает все об этом деле. 6. Результаты эксперимента, казалось, огорчили их. 7. Он, казалось, не был удивлен новостью. 8. Оказывается, она знает его. 9. В этом журнале, кажется, есть много интересных статей. 10. Казалось, мальчик избегал этого разговора. 11. Ты случайно не знаешь, кто отвечает за эту работу? 12. Оказалось, что есть еще одно решение проблемы.

 

3) сочетаниями:

To be likely – вероятно, может быть To be sure – конечно, несомненно
To be not likely – маловероятно, не может быть To be certain – наверное, oбязательно
To be unlikely – вряд ли, едва ли  

 

Model:




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Обстоятельство (Adverbial Modifier) | УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ИНФИНИТИВА БЕЗ ЧАСТИЦЫ TO | Подлежащее (Subject) | Часть сказуемого (Part of the Predicate) | Примечание. | Дополнение (Object) | Примечания. | Примечание. | Примечание. | Вводный член предложения (Parenthesis) |


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