Главная страница | Контакты | Случайная страница Автомобили Астрономия Биология География Дом и сад Другие языки Другое Информатика История Культура Литература Логика Математика Медицина Металлургия Механика Образование Охрана труда Педагогика Политика Право Психология Религия Риторика Социология Спорт Строительство Технология Туризм Физика Философия Финансы Химия Черчение Экология Экономика Электроника

Двойное отрицание

Отрицание not в сочетании с отрицательной приставкой прилагательного или наречия усиливает любые члены предложения, кроме подлежащего или дополнения. Такое сочетание перед прилагательным или наречием обычно переводится довольно, весьма, вполне.

Model:

Exercise 4. Translate into Russian.

1. Mars and Venus have atmospheres not dissimilar to ours. 2. River and lake deposits also not uncommonly contain remains of organisms which inhabited waters. 3. It seems not at all unlikely that many of the lower animal forms also have the power to make a similar distinction. 4. The advances of modern sciences in the production of a wide range of experimental temperatures are thus seen to be not inconsiderable. 5. These algae occur very abundantly in freshwaters and are not uncommon in the sea. 6. It does not seem illogical to treat the two groups as one. 7. In many genera that are normally epiphytic endophytic forms are not unusual. 8. A situation and mechanism not dissimilar to that observed by Leloir was subsequently discovered by Sutherland. 9. The protozoan was found usually to be a uninucleate individual not unlike one of the cells of a larger animal or plant. 10. It does not seem impossible for one or more of the anthocyanidin or sugar hydroxyls to be esterified with an organic acid. 11. It does not appear improbable that the previous observations should represent reversal of amino acyl RNA synthesis.

5. Эмфатическое сочетание it is (was, has been) … that (which, who )

А. Сочетания it is (was, has been)... that, it is (was, has been)... which, it is (was, has been)... who могут выделять любой заключенный между компонентами этого сочетания член предложения, кроме сказуемого. Эмфаза в русском языке передается или словом именно, или порядком слов: то, что выделяется рамочной конструкцией it is... that, ставится в конец предложения.

Model:

Примечание 1. Отрицательная форма этой конструкции передается словами совсем не, вовсе не.

Model:

Примечание 2. Если в этой конструкции употреблено еще какое-нибудь усилительное слово, то при переводе именно опускается.

Model:

Б. Одним из вариантов эмфатической конструкции с сочетанием it is … that является выделение обстоятельства времени, которому предшествует эмфатическое сочетание not until (not till). Сочетание it was not until … that не переводится, а перед выделяемым обстоятельством времени добавляются слова только в, только тогда, когда.

Model:

Примечание 3. Сочетание not + until (till) + after переводится только после.

Model:

Exercise 5. Translate into Russian.

1. In Russia it was Lodygin who invented the electric lamp. 2. It is the computer that makes a machine a robot. 3. It is silver that is the best conducting metal. 4. It is electronics that produced radar. 5. It was Popov who invented the radio. 6. It was in the laboratory that I found him. 7. It is automation that improves working conditions. 8. It was in 1944 that the first relay machine was completed. 9. It is the program that ensures the execution of all operation assigned to the computers. 10. At present, it is germanium and its properties that have been most thoroughly investigated and are best understood. 11. It is this feature which enables us to use valves in a great variety of electronic devices, as well as for simple amplification. 12. It is the root that absorbs water from the soil. 13. It is the root hairs that come into close contact with the soil particles. 14. It is just back of the root cap that the lengthening of the root is found to take place. 15. It was at our laboratory that this method was tried for the first time. 16. In medical practice it is mainly the leaves, taken in May and June during the blossoming period, that are used. 17. It is by means of its roots that the plant is anchored and supported in one place. 18. While the kinds of gases that are present in the atmosphere are present in the soil air, it is the oxygen that is of particular importance. 19. It is to this end that several products have been introduced on the market to be used on the soil for conditioning and maintaining such balance. 20. It was only by means of electron microscopy that the structure of cytoplasm was elucidated. 21. In seed plants it is the pollen grains that are mobile and so light that they are spread for hundreds of miles. 22. It was the Russian scientist Mendeleev who compiled the world-famous Periodic Table of Elements. 23. It is this effect that we will discuss more fully in the next section. 24. It was largely upon this fact that the theory of chromosome individuality was originally based. 25. It was not a mere number of chromosomes that was of importance but the volume of karyotin. 26. It is the rapid and recent climatic changes that are undoubtedly attributed to the major features of plant distribution today. 27. It was the principle of repetition which enabled us to explore the morphology of molecular structure. 28. It is not a certain chemical composition, but activity, that makes a substance as a part of the living system, for life is a process. 29. It was not until he mastered English that he started studying French. 30. It was not until many years later that the behaviour of the nucleus in cell division became known in detail. 31. It was not until many years later that the cell was investigated with reference to the problem of heredity. 32. It was not until after the discovery of Bernhard that these elements attracted the attention of many scientists. 33. It was not until after the fundamental work of Pasteur in 1865 that the role of the fungi in fermentation was established.