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The Third class is made up of devices based on lexico-phraseological units: idioms, proverbs, allusions

There is a tendency

1. to use the idiom in an unchanged form as it is. Idioms are more expressive: tease à pull smb's leg; every cloud has a silver lining. There's no place like home – about children who are adopted – показать дом как то место, где тебя ждут.

2. to use idioms, proverbs in a changed/altered/decomposed form – decomposition of a set-phrase.

 

Avoid paying inheritance tax. Where there's a WILL, there is a way. Will – желание + завещание.

When we deal with set-phrases the meaning of the whole can't be derived from the meaning of its components, the components lose their logical meaning: have one's finger in a pie – be concerned in an affair.

The stylistic device of decomposition of a set-phrase is based on reviving the literal – буквальный, logical meaning to the component parts of the idiom.

 

There are many different mechanisms. Among them:

1. the use of words in the following context, which are semantically linked with the component parts of the idiom. It was raining cats and dogs and two kittens and a puppy landed on my window-sill. - …и пара кадушек вылилась…

Decomposition often aims at humour. It's used to refresh the idiom.

2. the change of the structure: Cut you coat according to the cloth. "As MG is cutting its coat according to its cloth" – alteration.

3. the end of a familiar proverb is changed. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. à when in Rome, use any phone. More haste – less speed. à more haste, less justice. This example is the headline of an article which focuses on more careful investigation of crimes.

Another example:

“We recommend an apple a day” – the slogan of an advertisement of a shampoo which is called APPLE. The phrase ‘an apple a day’ is associated in the readers’minds with something good for the health as in the proverb ‘An apple a day keeps the doctor away.’ So that

The British who are renowned for their sense of humour and creativity in playing with words, tend to change proverbs, sayings and stereotyped phrases

 

Here are some of the purposes:


· to create humour

· attract attention by smth out of the ordinary, changing popular stereotypes

· to contradict the popular words of wisdom.

· enrich the idea

· freshen the expression of the idea


Absence makes the heart grow fonder. à Absence makes the heart go wander. – they sound alike, but the idea of the distorted variant is not just different, it is opposed to the original and sounds cynical.

Or: ‘ Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise’

turns into ‘Early to rise and early to bed makes a man healthy, wealthy and….dead’.

It is not only idioms and proverbs that undergo such changes in living creative speech, they are also titles of popular books, songs and films, familiar quotations and aphorisms.

Без вины виноватые à Без вина виноватые (headline of an article in a Russian newspaper)

 

Allusion. "To be or not to be" à TO smoke or not to smoke – we can change it into whatever we like. Educating Rita (a book and then a film) & John & Susie & Peter…- bank offers its services that would help to have enough money to educate children. Wise is the head that wears the crown. ß uneasy lies the head that wears the crown (Shakespeare)???КАКАЯ ПЬЕСА?

The question arises: the importance to know as much as possible about history and so on.

Стихийное бедствие à нестихийное бедствие.

Defeated expectancy (and word play)

e.g. from Oliver Twist by Ch. Dickens:

‘And then followed a full description of Oliver’s dress, a person’s appearance and disappearance, with the name of Mr. Brownlow…’ УТОЧНИТЬ ПРИМЕР!!!

This episode follows the kidnapping of Oliver by Bill Sikes and other people from the gang of thieves who were afraid that Oliver might inform the police about the gang. Mr. Brownlow, the kind gentleman, who had been taking care of Oliver is trying to find the boy.

The beginning of the utterance leads us to accept the word appearance in the meaning of внешность, but the

значение - внешность

Appearance

Контекстуальное значение –появление

Мальчика в семье Браунлоу

DISAPPEARANCE 1) исчезновение

2) игра слов: корневой повтор у двух слов




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The subject of stylistics. | Varieties of language. | Stylistic differentiation of the English vocabulary. | Barbarisms | The main groups of special colloquial vocabulary | SYNTACTICAL STYLISTIC DEVICES |


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