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Scan the title of the following text and try to figure out its contents.

8. Read the first sentences of paragraphs and say what problems are going to be discussed in the text.

For or Against?

 

1. Globalization is a complex phenomenon, containing good and bad aspects. Here are some arguments from both sides.

2. Proponents of globalization believe that it helps to lift the poorest in society out of absolute poverty and results in an increase in the living standard of people around the world. It enhances the flow of capital, permitting wealthy nations to concentrate more on investing into falling-behind countries to gain more profits what, in turn, gives more strength to economies of developing countries. International trade liberalization has spurred tremendous economic growth across the globe – raising incomes, creating jobs, increasing competition, reducing prices, improving quality of goods and services.

3. Due to globalization we are increasingly free to choose our cultural experiences. The Internet, fax machines and satellites have swept away the old national cultural boundaries. Globalization leads to better cultural understanding and tolerance. Because of improvements in travel, more and more people are visiting different countries, thereby transferring their culture to other parts of the world. Cross-cultural exchange can spread greater diversity as well as greater similarity: more gourmet restaurants as well as more McDonald's!

4. International migrants would now constitute the world's fifth most populous country if they all lived in the same place. The beneficial impact of migration is evident. Immigration is a source of low cost labor for host countries and an opportunity of foreign exchange for sending countries.

5. Outsourcing gives a company more flexibility and allows it to supply differentiated products into different regional markets. Quicker response to changing costs and lower capital employed are also important aspects.

6. Now let's move on to some of the negative effects of globalization. One of the most common claims made against globalization is that it increases poverty and uneven distribution of wealth. Research shows that wealth is still concentrated in the hands of powerful nations and continues to grow there twice as fast as in the developing world.

7. When foreign goods flood the market and people begin to buy them, it is done at the cost of the local goods, especially in developing countries. For example small businesses who do not have the resources to export their goods and only depend on the locals to buy them, go through varied degrees of losses because their goods are not sold.

8. A big worry of anti-globalization groups is that greater individual freedom may come at the expense of national identity. With so much emphasis on being global, people are forgetting what is local. They are disregarding their culture, ethnicity, and local traits in preference for foreign practices. As people travel around the world more frequently after globalization there is a higher chance of risk in importing diseases.

9. For the economies of sending countries migration leads to a loss of well-educated and highly productive citizens.

10. Globalization causes unemployment in the Western world. Doing their best to increase profitability, countries are looking for low-cost, low-wage workforce. It results in a dramatic flow of capital from the West.

11. Globalization also worsens ecological problems. A company may want to build factories in other countries because environmental laws are not as strict as they are at home. Poor countries in the Third World may have to cut down more trees so that they can sell wood to richer countries to survive. Other processes accompanying globalization are terrorism, smuggling drugs, proliferation of nuclear weapon, which are common throughout the world.

12. Despite heated debates, we should get the right balance between benefits and costs associated with globalization. “World-changing” processes are not going to be perfect and globalization is not an exception. Globalization is an unstoppable process but it is one that we have control over. This means that we should stop wasting our time and resources attacking globalization and should give our all to combat the negative effects of globalization and to enhance advantages.

 

9. Work in pairs. Read the text and put the following points into the order while going through the text.

A. Globalization destroys ethnic cultures.

B. Globalization encourages migration.

C. Globalization leads to unemployment.

D. We can’t avoid globalization.

E. Our cultural life is significantly enriched.

F. Globalization affects local markets in a negative way.

G. Businesses benefit from outsourcing.

H. Environmental and other problems associated with globalizing.

I. Globalization is a controversial process.

J. Massive immigration has some bad sides.

K. The poor are exploited by the rich.

L. Increased trade and investment reduce poverty and boosts economies worldwide.

 




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