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Present Simple

1) How often, usually, every

How often do you go to the dentist?

2) Where do you come from?

 

use Pr Simple with if = "in case", not future (bc in case = if, same rule as I condition)

Same with in case, unless, as long as, provided, providing. - Pr Simple

I don’t want to go out tonight in case John phones (not "will phone")

 

Present Continuous

1) at the time of speaking

2) around time of speaking (today, these days, this week, this season)

You are not working hard today

I'm reading a really great book.

3) temporary situations and trends,changing situations,

She's staying with her friend for a week.

I'm living in London for a few months.

John's working in a bar until he finds a job in his field.

 

Present Perfect

When time is NOT specified

I've been at school

I have never been asked such questions (for the last 7 years)

2) with any period of time that has NOT finished yet (including " during my lifetime " = when time period is not mentioned: I have been to the USA)

if period of time has finished - use past simple

 

with words

recently, so far, in the last few days, in the past few years

this morning, this evening, today, this week, this season

ever, never, before, up to now, still, so far, recently, just, already, yet (negative and questions)

just, already, ever, never, yet,

already, ever, never, recently = lately – в последнее время, yet - еще

 

 

Present Perfect Continuous

1) for a long action that has just stopped or is still in progress

The sun is shining but the ground is wet. It has been raining. You are out of your breath. Have you been running?

How long have you been learning English? (you are still learning)

I have been working in IT industry for four years (I'm still working)

We can usePr Perf as well for an action that is still in progress (but prefer not to)

I have worked at the restaurant for three years

 

+ Past

Past simple

1) If narrate the events - рассказываешь историю, про события, последовательность

use simple past (also past perfect and past cont instead of pr perf and pr cont)

2) She cried when she failed her driving test - no had, always Past Simple or Present Simple after "when". Same for one part of the sentence with: while, after, before, until / till, as soon as

 

I worked in Paris for five years (если это было давно)

 

adm i t - admi tt ed

worry - worr i ed

but: play - pla y ed

 

Past Continuous

1) in the middle of the action (in the past)

I was working in Paris when I met my wife

I was waiting for you for two hours yesterday!

 

 




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Gerunds (-ing)| Switch from Past to Present Perfect (through Present Simple)

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