Past, past, past (рассказ в прошлом)
Today, Bewley's is(i) Ireland's leading supplier of quality coffees and teas.
It has created a catering service (Switch to present -> now can use Pr Perf)
!
Зависит от контекста. Если контекст про прошлое - используем Past Simple. Если есть связь с настоящим, с контекстом настоящего - Present Perfect
I studied at school in 2005 - указание времени
I have studied at school since 2005 - если недавно закончил (Pr Perf)
He workedfor the police for 17 years (если сейчас уже не работает),
I have been studying at school since 2005 - если учишься до сих пор
I was in New York City for four months (also if you imply "last year", "in 2005" etc., if it is in the context). - merely talks about the past event that you were present at that place.
I have been there in New York City in the past (for four months), so I know how do New Yorkers celebrate Christmas. - also emphasize that that event has something to do in the present talk/ context.
My friend went to Iran. After he had uploaded photos from his trip, I saw that there is nothing there but sand and desert.
can say: When he uploaded photos, I saw …
+ Past Simple vs Past Perfect
Past Simple
We use Simple Past if we give past events in the order in which they occurred, последовательный sequence of events
I got to the airport and discovered
I got to the airport, then discovered
First I did not know what to write but then I had lots of ideas. (not "had not")
he told me that he came home (Past Simpl in both cases)
First thing we noticed when we entered …
Past Perf
"before", "after ", "until", " by the time" in the sentence - MUST use Past Perf
Past-perf before Past Simple
Past Perf until Past Simple
Past-Simple after Past-Perf
By the time / when Past simple (time in the past), Past Perf
he explained that all the stories he had told us were true (before is implicit here)
The blue car crossed the street after the lights had turned red.
Before her sixth birthday, Jane had never been to the zoo.
Jane had read a lot about elephants before she went to the zoo.
After the family had had breakfast, they went to the zoo.
After I had heard the news I could not think about anything else
but: After her visit to the zoo, Jane was exhausted. (object, not a normal verb, + subject + verb)
this policy before 1835 had forced the Irish to import their tea from London.
By the end of the 19th century a tea culture had developed in Ireland.
Now that I had found my notes, I wanted to continue writing my essay.
Often after "because"
Bob did not let us into his room because he had not cleaned it for weeks.
Diane had lost her car keys so she took a cab
Misc
I had almost completed my essay when my computer suddenly crashed and I noticed that I had forgotten to save the document.
Barbara had smoked a lot but during her last stay in the USA she gave it up. (not "smoked")
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