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| T4 Program was framed as a euthanasia program | была разработана | |
| to kill incurably ill, physically or mentally disabled, | с физическими и умственными отклонениями | |
| emotionally distraught, and elderly people. Adolf Hitler | ||
| initiated this program in 1939, and, while it was | ||
| officially discontinued in 1941, killings continued | ||
| covertly until the military defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945 | ||
| In October 1939, Adolf Hitler empowered his personal | ||
| physician and the chief of the Chancellery of the Fuhrer | ||
| to kill people considered unsuited to live. He backdated | ||
| his order to September 1, 1939, the day World War II | ||
| began, to give it the appearance of a wartime measure. | ||
| In this directive, Dr. Karl Brandt and Chancellery chief | ||
| Bouhler were charged with responsibility for expanding | ||
| the authority of physicians … so that patients considered | ||
| incurable can be granted a mercy killing.” | ||
| Within a few months, the T4 Program – named for the | ||
| Chancellery offices that directed it from the Berlin | ||
| address Tiergartenstrasse 4 - involved virtually the entire | ||
| German psychiatric community. A new bureaucracy, | ||
| headed by physicians, was established with a mandate | ||
| to kill anyone deemed to have a “life unworthy of living.” | ||
| Some physicians active in the study of eugenics, who saw | ||
| Nazism as “applied biology”, enthusiastically endorsed | ||
| this program. However, the criteria for inclusion in this | ||
| program were not exclusively genetic, nor were they | ||
| necessarily based on infirmity. An important criterion | ||
| was economic. Nazi officials assigned people to this | ||
| program largely based on their economic productivity. | ||
| The Nazis referred to the program’s victims | ||
| as ”burdensome lives” and “useless eaters.” | ||
| While the program’s personnel killed people at first by | ||
| starvation and lethal injection, they later chose | ||
| asphyxiation by poison gas as the preferred killing | ||
| technique. Physicians oversaw gassings in chambers | ||
| disguised as showers, using lethal gas provided by | ||
| chemists. Program administrators established gas | ||
| chambers at six killing centers in Germany and Austria: | ||
| Hartheim, Sonnenstein, Grafeneck, Bernburg, Hadamar, | ||
| and Brandenburg. The SS staff in charge of the transports | ||
| donned white coats to keep up the charade of a medical | ||
| procedure. Program staff informed victims’ families of the | ||
| transfer to the killing centres. Visits, however, were not | ||
| possible. The relatives then received condolence letters, | ||
| falsified death certificates signed by physicians, and urns | ||
| containing ashes. | ||
| The transformation of physicians into killers took time | ||
| and required the appearance of scientific justification. | ||
| Soon after the Nazis came to power, the Bavarian minister | ||
| of health proposed that psychopaths, the mentally retarded | ||
| and other “inferior” people be isolated and killed. | ||
| Pseudoscientific rationalizations for the killing of the | ||
| “unworthy” were bolstered by economic considerations. | ||
| According to bureaucratic calculations, the state could | ||
| put funds that went to the care of criminals and the insane | ||
| to better use – for example, in loans to newly married | ||
| couples. Proponents fir the program saw incurably sick | ||
| children as a burden on the healthy body of the Volk, | ||
| the German people. | ||
| The murder of the handicapped was a precursor to the | ||
| Holocaust. the killing centers to which the handicapped | ||
| were transported were the antecedents of the | ||
| extermination camps, and their organized transportation | ||
| foreshadowed mass deportation. Some of the physicians | ||
| who became specialists in the technology of cold-blooded | ||
| murder in the late 1930s later staffed the death camps. | ||
| They had long since lost their moral, professional, and | ||
| ethical inhibitions. | ||
| On August 24, 1941, almost two years after the T4 | ||
| Program was initiated, it appeared to cease. In fact, it had | ||
| gone underground and continued covertly during the war | ||
| years. The total number of victims killed under the T4 | ||
| Program may have reached 200,000 or more. the official | ||
| conclusion of the T4 Program in 1941 also coincided with | ||
| the escalation of the Holocst, the culmination of Nazi | ||
| programs to eliminate those deemed an embarrassment | ||
| to the “master race.” |
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