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1. Бринчук М.М. Экологическое право (право окружающей среды): Учебник для высших юридических учебных заведений. М., 2004.
2. Боголюбов С.А. Экологическое право. Учебник для вузов. М., 2005.
3. Веденкин Н.Н. Экологическое право: Вопросы и ответы. М., 1999.
4. Гусев Р.К. Экологическое право: Учебное пособие. М., 2004.
[1] Боголюбов С.А. Экологическое право. Учебник для вузов. М., 2005. С. 196.
[2] Теория государства и права. / Под ред. В.К. Бабаева. М., 1999. С.320.
[3] Бринчук М.М. Экологическое право (право окружающей среды): Учебник для высших юридических учебных заведений. – М.:Юристъ, 1998.
[4] Пучинина Т.Г. Основы экологического права. Учебное пособие. – Красноярск, - 1999.
Квалификация: 0515013 – менеджер
Дисциплина: Основы экономики
Язык обучения: английский
Автор: Бодаубеков А.Р.
Контактные данные разработчика: г. Алматы, Колледж имени Сулеймана Демиреля, ул.Торайгырова 19, тел: 229-77-44, факс 229-67-27, badaui.alisher@gmail.com
КОМПЛЕКТ ТЕСТОВЫХ ЗАДАНИЙ
Дисциплина Основы экономики
Квалификация 0515013 - Менеджер
Файл C:\Users\Admin\Desktop\Основы экономики - Менеджмент 40 часов1.ktz
Номер комплекта (ID) N-1
Количество модулей 1
Количество заданий 80 из 80
Язык тестирования русский
Дата создания файла 10.12.2013
Дата редактирования 10.12.2013
Авторы: Бодаубеков Алишер Рустамович
1. Microeconomics is the branch of economics that focuses on
1. individual decision makers and markets
2. national economic activity
3. deficit spending
4. inflation and unemployment
5. inflation
2. The law of __________________________ is illustrated by a production possibilities frontier which is bowed out (concave) from the origin
1. increasing opportunity costs
2. decreasing opportunity costs
3. comparative advantage
4. constant opportunity costs
5. of large numbers
3. A decrease in consumer preferences for a product, other things being equal, means that
1. market demand will shift to the left
2. supply will decrease
3. market demand will shift to the right
4. quantity demanded will increase
5. quantity demanded is not a function of price
4. An inferior good is a product
1. for which demand falls as income increases
2. for which there is no demand
3. for which demand increases as income increases
4. that is not expensive
5. that has an upward-sloping demand curve
5. When there is a shortage in a market
1. consumers are willing to buy more of the good at the current price
2. the equilibrium price is below zero
3. quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded
4. firms are willing to sell more of the good at the current price
5. market shortages are not possible
6. The price of good X is $1.50 and that of good Y is $1. If a particular consumer's marginal utility for Y is 30, and he is currently maximizing his total utility, then his marginal utility of X must be:
1. 45 units
2. 30 units
3. 15 units
4. 20 units
5. 60 units
7. Economic profit is the difference between a firm's total revenue and its
1. total costs
2. accounting costs
3. average costs
4. explicit costs
5. implicit costs
8. In the short run, if average variable costs equal $6 and average total costs equal $10 and output equals 100, then total fixed costs equal:
1. $400
2. $1,600
3. $4
4. $16
5. $0.025
9. If marginal cost lies below average total cost, then
1. average total cost must be falling
2. average total cost must be rising
3. average fixed cost must be rising
4. marginal cost must be falling
5. marginal cost must be rising
10. In the short-run, total cost at zero output is
1. total fixed cost (TFC)
2. average total cost (ATC)
3. total variable cost (TVC)
4. average variable cost (AVC)
5. marginal cost (MC)
11. A perfectly competitive firm will shut down in the short run if
1. total revenue is less than total variable costs
2. normal profit is greater than zero
3. total revenue is greater than total costs
4. total costs are greater than total revenue
5. it incurs an economic loss
12. Assuming no externalities, perfect competition results in efficient resource allocation (allocative efficiency) because price:
1. is equal to marginal cost
2. is greater than average variable cost
3. equals average total cost
4. is less than marginal cost
5. is equal to long-run average cost
13. The demand curve facing the monopoly firm
1. is equivalent to the market-demand curve
2. suggests that the monopolist can sell additional units without lowering the price
3. is perfectly inelastic
4. is equal to its total revenue curve
5. all of the above are correct
14. The number of firms in an oligopoly must be
1. small enough that firms are interdependent in decision making
2. large enough that firms cannot closely monitor each other
3. less than a dozen
4. large enough that firms cannot collude
5. large enough that firms will see no reason to engage in nonprice competition
15. Consider a situation in which there is perfect competition in both the input and output markets. The firm will hire that input level which equates
1. marginal revenue product with marginal factor cost
2. marginal physical product with marginal factor cost
3. marginal factor cost with supply
4. marginal revenue product with demand
5. marginal revenue product with marginal physical product
16. Opportunity cost along a production possibilities frontier is
1. the sacrifice of one good required to produce one more unit of another good
2. the amount by which the production of guns increases when the production of butter increases
3. how much of each good is produced
4. zero
5. all of the above
17. The statement that oatmeal is an inferior good, as economists use the term
1. means that as the average level of income falls, the demand for oatmeal rises
2. means that there is no real income effect when the price of oatmeal changes
3. is an example of a normative statement
4. means that as the price of oatmeal falls, the quantity demanded of oatmeal falls
5. means that the supply of oatmeal is perfectly inelastic
18. An increase in demand accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in supply will result in
1. an increase in equilibrium price
2. a decrease in equilibrium quantity
3. a decrease in equilibrium price
4. a change in equilibrium quantity
5. an increase in equilibrium quantity
19. If goods R and K have a cross elasticity of -5 and goods R and S have a cross elasticity of 5
1. R and K are complements; R and S are substitutes
2. R and K are substitutes; R and S are complements
3. K is price inelastic
4. S is price inelastic
5. R and K are normal goods; R and S are inferior goods
20. In the theory of utility, it is assumed that marginal utility
1. diminishes beyond some point as consumption of a product increases
2. is zero as consumption of a product increases
3. increases as consumption of a product increases
4. increases as consumption of a product remains constant
5. remains constant as consumption of a product increases
21. The short run is a period of time
1. during which at least one input is fixed
2. that is just long enough to permit entry and exit
3. that is always less than one year
4. during which all inputs are fixed
5. during which all inputs can be varied
22. At its minimum point, the average total cost curve is intersected by the
1. marginal cost curve
2. total variable cost curve
3. average fixed cost curve
4. average variable cost curve
5. total fixed cost curve
23. The additional revenue a firm receives from selling an extra unit of output is
1. marginal revenue
2. marginal profit
3. total revenue
4. average revenue
5. price
24. For a non-discriminating monopolist who is maximizing profits, which of the following cannot be true?
1. price equals marginal revenue
2. price equals average total cost
3. marginal revenue equals marginal cost
4. average total cost equals marginal cost
5. marginal revenue equals average total cost
25. The marginal revenue product is the
1. extra revenue associated with hiring an additional unit of the input
2. change in revenue associated with a change in the product price
3. change in revenue associated with a change in factor price
4. total revenue divided by the quantity hired of the resource
5. extra revenue associated with selling an additional unit of the good
26. The marginal revenue product of labor is expected to decrease as more labor is employed because:
1. of the law of diminishing marginal productivity
2. of the law of diminishing marginal utility
3. the supply of labor is positively sloped
4. the supply of labor is backward bending
5. labor quality declines as the employment of labor increases
27. A profit-maximizing monopsonist will hire additional units of labor as long as its:
1. marginal revenue product exceeds marginal factor cost
2. marginal revenue product exceeds labor supply
3. marginal factor cost curve is horizontal
4. marginal revenue product curve is declining
5. marginal factor cost exceeds the marginal revenue product
28. Factors of production (resources) include
1. labor, land, and capital
2. land, interest, and rent
3. land, capital, and interest
4. labor, capital, and profits
5. wages, rent, and interest
29. Suppose the price of good 'X' has decreased; which in turn, leads to an increase in the demand for good 'Y'. Economic analysis states that the goods (X and Y) must be:
1. complementary goods
2. substitute goods
3. normal goods
4. inferior goods
5. durable goods
30. If a price decrease from $50 to $40 results in a decrease in quantity supplied from 14 units to 10 units, the price elasticity of supply is
1. 1.50
2. 1.00
3. 40
4. 67
5. 2.50
31. Marginal utility is
1. the change in total utility associated with consuming an additional unit of a good
2. the total utility associated with consuming a good
3. equal to the price of the good
4. the usefulness of the last or next unit of a good consumed
5. the utility per unit associated with the last unit of a good consumed
32. Economic goods and services produced by business firms are called
1. outputs
2. productivity
3. inputs
4. innovations
5. technological progress
33. In the long run, if a firm is incurring an economic loss, then the firm
1. is likely to leave the industry
2. has some long-run fixed costs
3. is earning greater than normal profit but not an economic profit
4. will maximize opportunity costs by staying in business
5. will produce as long as total revenue exceeds total fixed cost
34. Given the same cost curves, a monopoly will charge
1. a higher price and produce a smaller output than a perfectly competitive firm
2. a higher price and produce a larger output than a perfectly competitive firm
3. a lower price and produce a larger output than a perfectly competitive firm
4. a lower price and produce a smaller output than a perfectly competitive firm
5. the same price and produce the same output as a perfectly competitive firm
35. A firm which is perfectly competitive in both its output and labor market should hire an additional worker if
1. marginal revenue product is more than the wage rate
2. marginal product would be increased
3. total revenue is less than total cost
4. marginal revenue product is less than the wage rate
5. marginal product would be decreased
36. On a production possibilities frontier, the optimum or best combination of output is
1. impossible to determine since this is a value judgment to be made by society
2. at a point near the bottom of the frontier
3. at a point near the top of the frontier
4. at a point near the middle of the frontier
5. at the precise midpoint of the frontier
37. Suppose that a demand curve for a product is negatively sloped and that the price of the product increases from $4.50 to $5.00. Which of the following will result?
1. quantity demanded of the product will decrease
2. quantity demanded of the product will increase
3. consumer tastes for this product will increase
4. the demand for the product will increase
5. the supply of the product will decrease
38. At the equilibrium price in a market
1. there is no tendency for prices to rise or fall
2. quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded
3. there is a tendency for prices to rise
4. there is a tendency for prices to fall
5. quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied
39. If the percentage change in quantity demanded for a product is smaller than the percentage change in price, then demand for the good is
1. inelastic
2. of unitary elasticity
3. perfectly inelastic
4. infinitely elastic
5. elastic
40. To maximize profits or minimize losses, a monopolist should equate
1. marginal revenue with marginal cost
2. total revenue to total cost
3. price to average cost
4. price to marginal cost
5. average revenue to average cost.
41. A profit-maximizing oligopolist
1. charges a price in excess of marginal cost
2. will always earn positive economic profit in the long run
3. equates marginal revenue with demand
4. will shut down when it cannot cover its fixed cost
5. produces the output for which price equals average cost
42. The wage rate a monopsonist would pay
1. is less than the marginal revenue product
2. is equal to the marginal factor cost
3. is equal to the marginal revenue product
4. is greater than the marginal revenue product
5. is greater than the marginal factor cost
43. The question of HOW production will be organized in a market economy is most directly determined by:
1. suppliers or entrepreneurs
2. the National Economic Planning Commission
3. government
4. consumers
5. economic forecasters
44. A production possibilities frontier will shift out when:
1. the quantity and/or productivity of resources (factors of production) increases
2. the production of investment goods decreases
3. unemployment is decreased
4. the labor force decreases
5. the capital deacreses
45. The typical demand curve is
1. negatively sloped
2. horizontal
3. positively sloped
4. vertical
5. there is no specific type for demand curve
46. Suppose the law prohibiting possession of marijuana in quantities of less than one ounce were abolished and at the same time penalties for the production or sale of marijuana were increased. As a result of these two changes, the demand for marijuana would (increase/decrease) and the supply of marijuana would (increase/decrease), the price of marijuana then should (rise/fall/neither rise nor fall).
1. increase, decrease, rise
2. decrease, increase, fall
3. decrease, decrease, neither
4. increase, decrease, neither
5. increase, increase, rise
47. Suppose the price of a certain good fell from $1 to $.50 and the quantity demanded increased from 250 to 750 units. Over this range of the demand curve, the elasticity of demand is:
1. 1.5
2..75
3. 1
4. 1.2
5. 1.3
48. he price that one is willing to pay for a unit of a good depends on its
1. marginal utility
2. demand
3. cost of production
4. total utility
5. supply
49. If marginal cost lies below average total cost, then
1. average total cost must be falling
2. average total cost must be rising
3. average fixed cost must be rising
4. marginal cost must be falling
5. marginal cost must be rising
50. The demand curve of a perfectly competitive firm
1. is perfectly elastic
2. is the same as the market demand curve for the entire industry
3. has a price elasticity coefficient of less than 1
4. is perfectly inelastic
5. is elastic
51. A perfectly competitive firm
1. is a price taker
2. will always exit the industry if it is incurring losses in the short run
3. is likely to earn positive economic profit in the long run
4. always produces at the minimum average total cost
5. decides which price to put
52. At the output where a firm's average total cost equals its price, the firm is
1. earning zero economic profits
2. earning more than a break-even return
3. earning an economic or pure profit
4. incurring an economic loss
5. earning less than a break-even return
53. If entry of new firms into a perfectly competitive market results in higher resource costs, the long-run market-supply curve will be
1. positively sloped
2. perfectly inelastic
3. perfectly elastic
4. negatively sloped
5. elastic
54. In monopolistic competition there are
1. many firms each producing a differentiated product
2. one firm producing a unique product
3. a few firms each producing a differentiated product
4. many firms each producing a homogeneous product
5. a few firms each producing a homogeneous product
55. In oligopoly markets there
1. is a small number of firms each selling either a differentiated or a homogenous product
2. is a single source of demand
3. are a large number of firms each selling a homogeneous product
4. are a large number of firms each selling a highly differentiated product
5. is a single source of supply
56. "Mutual Interdependence" means that
1. a single firm will consider reactions of rivals to any action the single firm takes
2. each firm in the market makes homogeneous products
3. pricing actions of rivals in the market are of no consequence to a single firm
4. each firm in the market makes differentiated products
5. the demand curves of the firm and the market are identical
57. All markets that are not perfectly competitive have which of the following characteristics?
1. firms in the market have some control over price (face a downward sloping demand curve)
2. products that the various firms sell are always differentiated to some extent
3. each firm's demand curve is the industry demand curve
4. there are only a few firms in the industry
5. all the firms make substantial profits
58. A firm which is perfectly competitive in both its output and labor market should hire an additional worker if
1. marginal revenue product is more than the wage rate
2. marginal product would be increased
3. total revenue is less than total cost
4. marginal revenue product is less than the wage rate
5. marginal product would be decreased
59. A monopsonist, as compared to a perfect competitor in the labor market, would
1. pay a lower wage and employ less labor
2. pay the same wage and employ less labor
3. pay a higher wage and employ more labor
4. pay a higher wage and employ less labor
5. pay the same wage and employ more labor
60. A monopsonistic firm will pay a wage that is
1. less than the marginal factor cost
2. equal to the opportunity cost of the employer
3. greater than the marginal factor cost
4. equal to the marginal factor cost
5. equal to the cost of capital
61. The term "marginal" in economics means
1. additional
2. the maximum unit
3. unimportant
4. the minimum unit
5. external
62. On a production possibilities frontier, the allocatively efficient combination of output is
1. impossible to determine since this is a value judgment to be made by society
2. at a point near the bottom of the frontier
3. at a point near the top of the frontier
4. at a point near the middle of the frontier
5. at the precise midpoint of the frontier
63. If the price of a good drops the consumer will have more real purchasing power and will tend to buy more of all goods. This phenomenon is known as the
1. income effect
2. price effect
3. expected future price changes
4. consumption-possibility effect
5. substitution effect
64. Which of the following is true with regard to an increase in the supply of a good?
1. it is represented by a rightward shift of the supply curve
2. it is represented by an upward shift of the supply curve
3. it is most likely caused by an increase in the price of the good
4. it is represented by a movement upward along the supply curve
5. it will cause an increase an increased demand for the good
65. Suppose that the equilibrium quantity of wheat has risen while the equilibrium price of wheat has not changed. Assuming wheat is a normal good, these changes could be explained by a(n) in consumers' income and a(n) in input prices.
1. increase, decrease
2. not information to give proper answer
3. decrease, decrease
4. increase, increase
5. no change
66. Suppose there are 5,000 identical firms in a perfectly competitive industry. Then each firm's marginal revenue curve is:
1. horizontal at the market price
2. a horizontal line identical to its marginal cost curve
3. 1/5,000 of the industry demand curve
4. 1/5,000 of the industry supply curve
5. less elastic in the short run than in the long run
67. The marginal factor cost is the
1. change in total cost associated with hiring an additional unit of the resource
2. change in total cost associated with producing an additional unit of the good
3. resource cost associated with producing an additional unit of a good
4. change in resource cost associated with selling an additional unit of a good
5. change in resource cost associated with producing an additional unit of the good
68. A monoposonist, as compared to a perfect competitor in the labor market, would
1. pay a lower wage and employ less labor
2. pay the same wage and employ less labor
3. pay a higher wage and employ more labor
4. pay a higher wage and employ less labor
5. pay the same wage and employ more labor
69. If an increase in the price of good X causes the demand for good Y to decrease, it can be concluded that
1. X and Y are complements
2. X and Y are substitutes
3. X and Y are inferior goods
4. X and Y are superior goods
5. there is collusion in the market place
70. A young chef is considering opening his own restaurant. To do so, he would have to quit his current job at $20,000 a year and take over a store building he owns that currently rents for $6,000 a year. To run the restaurant he would have to pay $50,000 for food and $2,000 for gas and electricity. What are his implicit costs?
1. $26,000
2. $60,000
3. $78,000
4. $52,000
5. $72,000
71. For a perfectly competitive firm, the short-run supply curve is
1. the marginal cost curve above the average variable cost curve
2. the entire marginal cost curve
3. the rising part of the average total cost curve
4. the rising section of the marginal cost curve
5. the marginal cost curve above the average total cost curve.
72. If a monopoly desires to maximize its profits, it should produce where:
1. marginal cost equals marginal revenue
2. the difference between price and marginal cost is at its maximum
3. price equals average cost
4. price equals marginal revenue
5. price equals average variable cost
73. One practice that allows oligopolists to coordinate their pricing behavior without colluding is
1. price leadership
2. differential pricing
3. game theory
4. independence
5. price taking
74. A firm which is perfectly competitive in both its output and labor market should hire an additional worker if
1. marginal revenue product is more than the wage rate
2. marginal revenue product is less than the wage rate
3. marginal product would be decreased
4. marginal product would be increased
5. total revenue is less than total cost
75. At the equilibrium price in a market
1. there is no tendency for price to change
2. quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded
3. there is a tendency for price to rise
4. there is a tendency for price to fall
5. quantity demanded exceeds quantity supplied
76. A driver wishes to buy gasoline and have his car washed. He finds that the market price of gasoline is $1.08 and that the wash costs $1.00 when he buys 19 gallons but that if he buys 20 gallons, the car wash is free. The marginal cost of the twentieth gallon is:
1. 8 cents
2. zero
3. $1.00
4. 9 cents
5. $1.08
77. If a perfectly competitive firm sells 250 units of output at a market price of 55 dollars per unit, its marginal revenue is:
1. $55
2. $110
3. more than $55 but less than $13,750
4. less than $55
5. more than $55
78. If the marginal cost of a firm is rising and greater than its marginal revenue, the firm should
1. decrease output
2. shut down in the long run
3. increase output to increase revenue and profit
4. remain at the same level of output since any change would lead to larger losses
5. shut down in the short run
79. Assuming no externalities, perfect competition results in efficient resource allocation (allocative efficiency) because price:
1. is equal to marginal cost
2. is greater than average variable cost
3. equals average total cost
4. is less than marginal cost
5. is equal to long-run average cost
80. When a group of individuals or firms who produce and supply the same good form an organization whose purpose is to reduce competition between themselves, the organization is known as a __________. This group, if successful, will (raise/ lower/ maintain) the level of output supplied relative to that produced previous to the organization's existence.
1. cartel, lower
2. natural monopoly, raise
3. oligopoly, lower
4. monopoly, lower
5. cartel, raise
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