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1. The amount of training required to become an economist in most countries abroad depends on the type of employment that a potential economist is seeking for.
2. A bachelor’s degree (four years of college) with a major in economics, finance and management is sufficient for many entry-level management positions. Most students studying at the university for the first time are undergraduate students. Bachelor’s degrees are generally qualifications for such entry-level jobs as research assistants, trainee positions for management, or sales positions in most areas and corporations, for example, consulting firms or government departments. Typical courses for a Bachelor’s Degree in Economics include:
§ Marketing;
§ Accounting;
§ International Business;
§ Statistics and others
3. As positions increase in the amount of responsibility required, the amount of education required increases as well. Thus, master’s degrees are often needed for higher-level jobs in research or management. Students studying for a Master’s degree are called graduate students (Am. E.) or postgraduate students (Br. E.). The aim of the Master’s Degree program is to train specialists in the various sectors of economics, finance and management. Master’s degree programs typically take one-two years to complete, depending on the program. Most applicants for economist positions will have an advantage if they have a Master’s degree.
4. The Master of Business Administration Degree (M. B. A.) is a professional degree designed to prepare graduates for managerial rolesin business and non-profit organizations. Graduates develop the necessary skills and problem-solving techniques that permit them to make an early contribution to management and eventually to move into broad, general management responsibilities at the executive level.
5. However, many top positions require a PhD. It is designed to prepare graduates for careers in the public and private sectors as well as academic institutions. The aim of the Ph. D. program is to equip students with an in-depth knowledge of the core fields of economics as well as provide them with more specialized knowledge of their field of specialization. A doctoral degree typically requires 3-4 years of full-time study to complete after obtaining a master’s degree. A doctoral degree program includes a lengthy dissertation, which involves independent research within the field of study that is usually published upon completion.
1. What degree do undergraduate students study for?
2. What is a second, more specialized degree in economics?
3. What kind of degree is MBA?
4. What is the aim of MBA program?
5. What is the PhD program designed for?
6. What does a doctoral dissertation involve?
II. Translate paragraphs 3 and 4 of the text into Russian/Belarusian.
III. Make the derivatives using the given suffixes. Translate the words into Russian.
-er: to lead, to produce, to buy, to sell, to manage
-tion: to consume,to define, to instruct, to distribute
-ful: care, fruit, power, success
-al: education, culture, practice, universe
-less: job, help, use, hope
IV. Change the sentences using nouns and pronouns in the plural. Mind the form of the verb.
1. He is a businessman. 2. I received a business letter from the US.
3. The boss told his secretary to send a fax right away. 4. The economy of the country is developing fast. 5. She works as a secretary for our company. 6. A sales representative must be a creative person.
V. State the tense of the verb in the following sentences.
1. Society makes two kinds of choices: macro and micro choices. 2. The government has set а limit on wage increases. 3. The volume of world trade fell over 4 per cent in 2011, but it rose again in 2012. 4. At present this factory is manufacturing TV sets and microwave ovens. 5. Most applicants for economic positions will have an advantage if they have a Master’s degree. 6. When we came the experts were analyzing the information they had collected.
VI. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.
1. Economists predicted that the rate of inflation (to increase) the next year. 2. The early economists believed that the price of commodity (to depend) on the labour which was needed to produce it. 3. The ОРЕС group showed how quickly the balance of economic power (to change) for the last quarter. 4. It is known that Henry Ford (to launch) mass production about a hundred years ago. 5. When we entered the office the managers (to discuss) the ways of company development. 6. World trade ( to grow ) very rapidly. 7. The man said that he (to set up) his own manufacturing company the previous year.
VII. Choose the correct pronoun.
1. Graphs help economists understand and explain (some,аnу) abstract ideas. 2. There is (no, аnу) simple answer to most economic questions. 3. (Nothing, anything) that alters prices has an influence оn our lives. 4. After the Second World War the amount of currency that (anybody, any) person could purchase in the UK was limited. 5. (Some, no) country can join the World Trade Organization without the consent of all its member states. 6. (Everybody, each) stood up when the President came into the room. 7. The economists enjoyed (them, themselves) at the conference, which was very informative.
VIII. Put the words in brackets in the correct form.
1. Our production methods have become much (modern). 2. We need to use a (direct) approach than we have been employing. 3. He is (helpful) of all assistants. 4. They had (little) time than they needed to cope with the task. 5. They all work well but the Chief Accountant works (well) of all. 6. This is the (big) company in the market. 7. Unfortunately, the employees of this company are not as (prudent) as they used to be.
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