|
Читайте также: |
Justice in Ukraine is exercised entirely by courts. It is administered by the Constitution Court and by courts of general jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of Ukraine is the highest juridical body of general jurisdiction. Courts: The Constitutional Court of Ukraine, The Supreme Court, The High Commercial Court of Ukraine, The High Administrative Court of Ukraine, The High Military Court of Ukraine.
The Court consists of several judicial chambers (criminal, civil, administrative, and arbitration cases). A separate panel considers military cases.
Appointments to the Court are made by the parliament and have no fixed time limit, nor is there a fixed number of appointments allowed. But each member of the Court (as far as each judge in Ukraine) is obligated to retire at the age of 65.
The Chairman of the Supreme Court is elected to office and dismissed from office by the Plenary Assembly of the Court by secret ballot.
The President of Ukraine (Ukrainian: Президент України, Prezydent Ukrayiny) is the head of state of Ukraine, representing the state in international relations, administers the foreign political activity of the State, conducts negotiations and concludes international treaties of Ukraine.
The President is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Ukrainian Army and heads the National Security and Defense Council, which advises the President, co-ordinates and controls the activity of bodies of executive power in the sphere of national security and defense.[1] According to the Constitution of Ukraine, the president is the guarantor of the state's sovereignty, territorial indivisibility, the observance of the Constitution of Ukraine and human and citizens' rights and freedoms.
As with the separation of powers, the President has checks on the authority of parliament and the judicial system. For instance, any law passed by the parliament can be vetoed by the President; however, parliament can override his veto with a 2/3rds constitutional majority vote.
The President has limited authority to disband the Verkhovna Rada (parliament), and nominates candidates for the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Defense in the Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers. Six out of eighteen of the Constitutional Court judges are appointed by the President. Decisions of the President are subject to review by Ukraine's courts with the Constitutional Court having the sole authority and power to declare decrees of the president unconstitutional. While in office, the president enjoys the right of immunity.
The President's official residence is the Mariyinsky Palace, located in the Pechersk district of the capital Kyiv. Other official residences includes the House with Chimaeras and the House of the Weeping Widow, which are used for official visits by foreign representatives. The Secretariat of the President, unofficially known as "Bankova" in reference to the street its located on, serves as the Presidential administration, advising the President in the domestic, foreign and legal matters.
The President is directly elected by the citizens of Ukrainian for a five-year term of office. One and the same person shall not be the President of Ukraine for more the two consecutive terms.
Since the office's formation on July 5, 1991, there have been three Presidents of Ukraine. Leonid Kravchuk was the inaugural president, serving two and a half years from his official inauguration in 1992 until his resignation in 1994. Leonid Kuchma was the only President to have served two consecutive terms in office, a little over 10 years.
The current incumbent President is Viktor Yushchenko, who was elected in December 26, 2004 and inaugurated on January 23, 2005. His term of office is due to expire on January 23, 2010. Whilst eligible for re-election at the next presidential election, scheduled to take place on January 17, 2010, Viktor Yushchenko's support is currently rated below 4% in the public opinion polls and he is not expected to win a second term of office.[2][3][4]
President - He is elected directly by the voters for a term of five years with no more then two full terms. The highest body of the executive power is the Cabinet of Ministers. It is responsible to the President and is accountable to the Verhovna Rada. It carries out domestic and foreign policy of the State, the fulfillment of the Constitution, as well as the acts of the President, develops and fulfils national programs on the economic, scientific and technological, social and cultural development of Ukraine.
Political parties. In general, Ukraine’s political parties fall into four categories: extreme nationalists, moderate nationalists, centrists and the left. Political Parties:
1. Party of Regions (PRU) The Party of Regions is a Ukrainian political party created in March 2001. It originally supported president Leonid Kuchma. The party's leader is Viktor Yanukovych. Its electoral and financial base is located primarily in the east and south-east of Ukraine, where it enjoys wide popular support.
· The Yulia Tymoshenko Bloc is the name of the subsequently created political coalitions in Ukraine led by the politician Yulia Tymoshenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine.
Unlike the two subsequent "Blocs of Viktor Yushchenko", all three political unions of Tymoshenko are considered to retain largely the same leaders and positions.
· Ukrainian Social Democratic Party (Ukrajins’ka Social-Demokratyčna Partija)
The bloc won 7.2% of the popular vote and 21 out of 450 seats.The alliance supported Viktor Yushchenko during the Ukrainian presidential election of 2004, and played an active role in the widespread acts of civil non-violent protest that became known as the Ukrainian Orange Revolution.
2. Our Ukraine-People's Self-Defense Bloc (NU-NS) is an electoral alliance active in Ukraine, associated with President Viktor Yushchenko.
The Our Ukraine Bloc is most closely associated with the Orange Revolution and continues to use orange as its political colour. In July 2007, the old Our Ukraine bloc had been reorganized into the Our Ukraine–People's Self-Defense Bloc for the 2007 parliamentary election in September 2007.
Дата добавления: 2015-02-16; просмотров: 75 | Поможем написать вашу работу | Нарушение авторских прав |