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FOCUS 10 ADVERBS
We use adverbs in the following cases:
She walked slowly to tell us more about actions (verbs). They show how, where or when something is done.
Paul went quite quickly past the house to relate to other adverbs.
I had a tenably difficult day. (very difficult indeed)
The dress is quite cheap (fairly cheap) to relate to adjectives; they may strengthen or weaken the adjective.
Perhaps somebody lives here to relate to whole sentences
There are several different types of adverbs. We classify them according to their meaning. Here are some examples:
1. Manner: quietly, fast, gently, slowly, well.
2. Place: away, in, down, anywhere, round, there.
3. Time: daily, monthly, tomorrow, how, immediately
4. Frequency: often, frequently, sometimes, always, never
5. Whole sentence: obviously, perhaps, possibly, luckily
6. Degree: quite, very, hardly, completely
EXERCISES
Ex.1Underline the adverbs in the sentences and define what kind of adverb it is.
1. She looked rather carefully at her notes before she answered. 2. The little girl went upstairs to bed. 3. This journal is published weekly. 4. She speaks Chinese very well. 5. Luckily, he managed to escape from the burning building.6. We often have dinner at a restaurant. 7. The problem is relatively common among teenagers. 8. The Collins family moved away. 9. We cannot find the dog anywhere. 10. My son never listens to me.
Ex. 3 Give the degrees of comparison of the following adverbs:
heavily, hard, gaily, fast, cheerful, politely, late, shyly, far, dryly, peaceably, happily.
Ex. 4 Use the correct form of the adverbs in brackets.
1. I suppose actions speak (loud) than words. 2. She spoke very (sadly) and (slowly). 3. His heart leaped as he saw himself running, running, (fast) than any of the other boys. 4. They went (slowly) than Ralph had bargained for. 5. Piggy spoke (softly) to Ralph than his sister. 6. Godfrey drove (carefully) than usual. 7. Each time the words were screamed (loudly) than before. 8. He looked at her (narrowly) than usual. 9. How long have you been here? A child of five after two lessons would draw (well) than you do. 10. Mr and Mrs Carey were (frankly) shocked at Philip's idea of being an artist.
FOCUS 11 POSITION OF ADVERBS
There are three main positions for adverbs which modify a verb:
- front position (before the subject)
Finally he could stand the noise no longer
- mid position (between the subject and verb, or after be)
He usually plays better than this.
She is usually here by 10.00
- end position (after the verb)
I've been waiting for hours.
a) Most types of adverbs can go in front position. in particular:
- connecting adverbs e.g. as a result, similarly
As a result, Japan faces a crisis.
- time and place adverbs e.g. tomorrow, in the kitchen
Tomorrow the weather will be much cooler.
- comment and viewpoint adverbs e.g. presumably, finencially
Presumably, she will want to go home.
b) The following types of adverbs usually go in mid position: adverbs of indefinite frequency e.g. always, never, usually; degree adverbs e.g. completely quite; and focus adverbs e.g. just, even:
He always sings when he is having a shower.
I completely forgot her birthday, and I just don't know how to make it up to her.
c) In end position we usually put an adverb after an object or complement if there is one:
He studied the problem briefly.
When there is more than one adverb in end position, the usual order is: adverb of manner, place and time:
In the accident she was thrown violently against the door.
However, if one adverb is much longer than another then it is placed last:
They left at 3.00 with a great deal of noise.
For more information see the topic “Formation of adverbs” in Part II.
EXERCISES
Ex.2 Complete the sentences
1. I last saw … (on Monday/my keys)
2. She sailed … (around the world/in ten months)
3. He was arrested … (at the customs desk/ last week).
4. He stayed … (all day/at home).
5. You shouldn’t take … (what she says/seriously).
6. He walked … (dangerously/along the top of the wall).
7. The recipe uses… (only/the finest ingredients).
8. He sat … (for a few minutes/silently).
9. We are going … (to Athens/next summer).
10. He wanted … (patiently/outside the door).
11. They cheered … (through the match/excitedly).
Ex. 3 Place the adverb of manner in its correct position.
1. (beautifully) The chorus sang that evening.
2. (carefully) Mr. Harrison prepared his speech.
3. (fast) Does your teacher speak?
4. (slowly) They mixed the soft white flour and the warm milk.
5. (excellently) That couple dances the tango.
6. (well) The girls have studied the laboratory procedure.
7. (well) As usual, they are prepared.
8. (softly) I heard the mother singing a lullaby.
9. (reluctantly) The student put down the worn-out volume with the faded cover.
10. (arrogantly) The accused addressed the judge.
Ex. 4 Answer the questions by using one of the words in brackets Be sure to put it in the right position.
1.How did he act last night? (good, well). - He acted well last night.
2. How is Mr. Parks writing the report? (meticulous, meticulously)
3. How should Janet study for the exam? (hard, hardly)
4. How will Mr. Adams feel after we tell him? (sad, sadly)
5. How does their mother cook? (wonderful, wonderfully)
6. How did Miss Moody look after your child while you were away? (loving, lovingly)
7. How did the bride look after the ceremony? (happy, happily)
8. How does Helen Todd usually type? (slow, slowly)
9. How is Sue’s grandmother after her operation? (good, well)
10. How did they find the wallet that had been stolen? (accident, accidentally)
Ex. 6 Put the words below into the correct order.
1. There/the plane/go There goes the plane!
2. here/the missing ring/ be
3. here/it/be
4. there/Mary/be
5. there/they/be
6. here/the jazz band/come
7. here/we/be
Ex. 7 Choose the right adverbs of time for each sentences. Be sure to put it in the right position.
1. (yesterday, tomorrow) My uncle was taken to the emergency room.
My uncle was taken to the emergency room yesterday. Or Yesterday my uncle was taken to the emergency room.
2. (soon, now) Dad is going to buy a new car.
3. (recently, immediately) Let’s go!
4. (already, still) The electrician hasn’t arrived.
5. (yet, yesterday) This dirty room hasn’t been cleaned.
6. (eventually, last night) Don’t worry! He’ll finish it.
7. (yet, already) I’ve seen it.
8. (still, afterwords) The twins went bowling.
9. (now, lately) Don’t take a bath!
10. (then, today) He’s feeling quite cheerful.
Ex. 8 Put the words into correct order.
1. (yesterday, away) Moritz, our cat, ran.
Moritz, our cat, ran away yesterday.
2. (last night, the guitar, at the concert, beautifully) Alexandra played
3. (in lab class, a frog, tomorrow) The students will dissect
4. (hard, soon, here) I’m sure it’s going to rain...
5. (angrily, him last night) The speaker answered...
6. (since 1977, here) Teresa has been living...
7. (out, still, at dawn) He loves going...
Ex. 9 Place the adverb of frequency into the right position. In some cases there may be two or three possibilities.
1 Always: Dr Webster cycles to his parents’ homes.
Dr Webster always cycles to his parents’ homes.
2. every morning: They drink black coffee.
3. Occasionally: Paul borrows money from his friend.
4. Usually: The guests have to sign the register on entering the building.
5. Ever: Have you won the lottery?
6. Rarely: That cactus plant needs watering.
7. Often: Their dog is aggressive.
8. Never: The fireman had seen such a disaster!
9. Once a day Aunt Daisy takes an aspirin.
10. Sometimes: You ought to write him a note.
Ex. 11 Put the adverbs of degree into the right position.
1. Old Mrs. Hardy fell on those stairs. (almost)
Old Mrs. Hardy almost fell on those stairs.
2. You have touched your food! (barely)
3. Tommy is a smart kid. (very)
4. This closet isn’t big for all my clothes. (really, enough)
5. Mr.Dodd has discussed the matter. (just))
6. That author has been successful. (fairly)
7. They have worked for today. (enough)
8. In my opinion Peterson is driving fast. (too)
9. Oh, yes, I like modern dance. (very much)
10. They had time to get acquainted! (hardly)
Ex.13 Put this mixed group of adverbs into the right position.
1. Sandy glanced around the room. (furtively)
2. She knew that Ned had hidden the letter in the room. (somewhere, yesterday)
3. She opened the cupboard and looked. (softly, inside)
4. Ned was predictable. (usually, very)
5. Ah, it was! (there)
6. She would have chosen to hide the letter. (personally, elsewhere)
7. But she felt relieved that it had been easy. (actually, so)
8. She heard footsteps coming. (suddenly, upstairs)
9. Sandy thought. (quickly, very)
10. Should she hide? (where)
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