"The aprons. I've found a lot of evidence for different aprons, but none that wrap quite like that. Yes, I've seen the descriptions in the general viking books that describe the apron as being wrapped from armpit to ankle 'around the body leaving one side open.' And this Rus style wrap is very commonly re-created everywhere in America. But when I went to Denmark and Norway last summer, I was amazed that everyone over there (including the museums!) had wrapped it so that the *front* side was the open side - we tend to think only of right and left as being sides. amazing. What they did was either to leave the front open entirely and hang a separate panel down the front, or they overlapped the fabric across the bust, and sometimes wore a separate piece down the front."
Mitchell, Judy. "Re: in defense of Viking garb" posted to the Historical Costume e-mail list, June 13, 1997.
Illus. by Persdotter
"It is hard to determine exactly what the garment worn together with the twin-brooches looked like. In my opinion, the brooches were used to fasten together the shoulder straps of a tubular skirt closed and widened at the sides by inserted gussets, or with open slits from the hips, and in most completely covering the lower part of the garment worn underneath. It is likely that a tubular garment held together at the shoulders was worn with a belt both for warmth and comfort. A peculiar detail is that metal, bone or antler fittings from belts are rarely, if ever, found in female graves from this period. This probably means that a woven band or sash was worn, and, personally, I am convinced that an apron tied at the waist in many cases was a part of the female costume. Pictures which seem to indicate the presence of an apron, most likely tied at the waist, can be seen both on the Gotlandic picture stones and silver jewelry from Tuna in Alsike, Grodinge in Sormland and Aska in Ostergotland."
Persdotter, Viktoria. "Reconstructing Female Costume of the Viking Age" on the Frojel, Sweden, archeological website. 1998? (www.frojel.com/Documents/Document05.html)
"It is based on a very old leather dress which was found in a peat bog in Denmark. Unfortunately, only the top section of the dress was found, so it is uncertain how the skirt may have been made. The original dresses might have been made of several straight pieces with wedge-shaped gussets inset to form the drape on the edge, rather than being cut in one piece as this pattern shows, but until more grave finds are unearthed, proving or dis-proving the actual construction, this one is probably as 'authentic' as any other attempt to reconstruct the overdress."
Brown, C. J. (Rhiannon de Bruigh) "Viking Apron Dress" from "The Beginning Viking: An Introduction to Viking Garb" website. 1998. (members.tripod.com/Runewright/rhiannon/dress.html)
Illus. by Scott
"On top of the over dress was worn a pinafore arrangement. By examining the number of loops hooked into the tortoise brooches, Flemming Bau was able to deduce that at least four different arrangements were worn. By comparing with the Valkyrie figurines the following has been suggested. A wrap round pinafore open at the front, the top two corners being looped into the tortoise brooches. The back is suspended by two further straps which are fastened to the middle of the top edge, one over each shoulder and again fastened to the brooches, see figure 9-i. A second variant utilised the wrap round pinafore and added to the front an apron (like a long bib) which fastened to the brooches, figure 10. An excellent illustration of this arrangement (figure 10) can be seen on the Danish gold Hnafatafl piece from Tuse, figure 11. A third arrangement utilised the wrap around pinafore and bib that we have seen before and adding to the back (again with loops to the tortoise brooches) a floor length pleated train, figure 12.An excellent illustration of this arrangement can be seen on a Swedish silver Valkyrie figure from Tuna, figure 13....The aprons appear to have been made from wool or silk, sometimes decorated with braids or embroidery of silk or wool. Information on the train is not given but since wool is reluctant to hold a pleat these must have been of silk or linen. Loops to suspend the apron garments (i.e. apron, train and bib) were made from linen or possibly silk."
Scott, Russell (Authenticity Officer, The Vikings). "Female Viking Dress" on "The Vikings" website. 1999? (www.vikings.ndirect.co.uk/resources/articles/dress.htm)
"A tenth-century apron-dress with a pleated insert; also a tablet-woven brocaded band decorating the top front edge."
Priest-Dorman, Carolyn A. (Mistress Thora Sharptooth), annotation on "Dragtrester I grav ACQ, Kostrup." in Fynske Minder (Odense bys Museer), pp. 175-182, Odense: Fyne Boghandels Forlag, 1993; "Bibliography of Sources for the Construction of Viking Garments" (1993, 1997, 2000) webpage. (www.cs.vassar.edu/~capriest/vikgarment.html)
"The mythological poem Rígsþula, written down in medieval Iceland, accounts for the divine origin of the three main social classes. But it also gives us a snapshot of daily life in the Viking Age. The woman of the slave-class wears 'old-fashioned clothes' and serves bread that is 'heavy, thick, packed with bran... in the middle of a trencher' with 'broth in a basin'. The woman of the yeoman class wears a cap and a blouse, has a kerchief around her neck and 'brooches at her shoulders', and is busy with her spindle, 'ready for weaving'. The aristocratic woman is just busy preening herself: she wears a blouse of smooth linen, a spreading skirt with a blue bodice, a tall headdress and appropriate jewellery, and has very white skin. She serves silver dishes of pork and poultry on a white linen cloth, washed down with wine."
Jesch, Judith. "Viking Women" article on the BBC website. Oct., 2001. (www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/vikings/women_01.shtml)
Danetre (The Vikings) version, with separate front panel
Danetre, back is wrapped to front and tied under panel
Eura dress from Finland, overdress open on one side
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