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Why do we have laws and? At one level, laws can be
seen as a type of_____________ which is meant to______________
behaviour between people. We can find these rules in nearly all social organizations, such as families and sports clubs.
Law, the body of official rules and regulations, generally found in
constitutions and_____________, is used to govern a society and to
control the behaviour of its members. In modern societies, a body with
_____________, such as a______________ or the legislature, makes
the law; and a_____________, such as the police, makes sure it is
observed.
In addition to enforcement, a body of expert_____________ is
needed to apply the law. This is the role of_____________, the body
of_____________ in a particular country. Of course, legal systems
vary between countries, as well as the basis for bringing a case before a
court or_____________. One thing, however, seems to be true all
over the world - starting a_____________ is both expensive and time-
consuming.
14. Law has its origins in the early developments of civilized society, and through time there have been major influences on the laws that we follow today.
A) Match these sources of law with the descriptions below.
Common law Roman law
Napoleonic Code The Ten Commandments
_________________, which evolved in the 8th century BC, was still largely a blend of custom and interpretation by magistrates of the will of the gods.
_________________ evolved from the tribal and local laws in England. It began with common customs, but over time it involved the courts in lawmaking that was responsive to changes in society. In this way the Anglo-Norman rulers created a system of centralized courts that operated under a single set of laws that replaced the rules laid down by earlier societies.
_________________ formed the basis of all Israelite legislation. They can also be found in the laws of other ancient peoples.
_________________ refers to the entire body of French law, contained in five codes dealing with civil, commercial, and criminal law.
b) Are the following sentences about the sources of law true or false?
1 The Ten Commandments are based on moral standards of behaviour.
2 In common law, judges resolve disputes by referring to statutory principles arrived at in advance.
3 Roman law is based on the principle of deciding cases by reference to previous judicial decisions, rather than to written statutes drafted by legislative bodies.
4 The Napoleonic Code was introduced into a number of European countries, notably Belgium, where it is still in force. It also became the model for the civil codes of Quebec Province in Canada, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, some Latin American republics, and the state of Louisiana.
15.
a) One way of classifying and understanding the law is by subject matter. Lawyers often divide the law and the legal system into two: criminal law and civil law. Classify the following terms into the appropriate column below. Two terms can appear in both columns.
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