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unexpected customary
Idioms
throw a party (= have a party)
Most people throw a party on their 21st birthday.
let one’s hair down (= enjoy oneself)
People can really let their hair down on their birthday.
push the boat out / paint the town red (= have a big celebration)
On their 21st birthday most people really push the boar out / paint the town red.
Topic 38: Seasons
· Tell me about the seasons in your country.
· What is your favorite season?
· Do the seasons affect people’s behavior?
· Do you wear different clothes in different seasons?
Nouns
time of year climate average temperature variability
Verbs
vary fluctuate differ
Adjectives
seasonal unpredictable erratic constant
Idioms
in blossom (= many flowers opening)
When you see the cherry trees in blossom you know spring is on its way.
down south (= in the southern part of a country)
Down south the winters are much milder.
up north (= in the northern part of a country)
Up north the winters can be quite harsh.
Topic 39: Birds
· Are there many birds where you live?
· How do people in China feel about birds?
· Do birds have any special meaning in your culture?
· Should we protect birds?
Nouns
poultry domestic fowl (= farm birds) species
habitat migratory bird resident bird pest
Verbs
symbolize offer protection provide food for
Adjectives
rare endangered widespread commonplace
mythical fairy-tale symbolic
Idioms
on the wing (= flying)
In my city you can often see pigeons on the wing.
dart in and out (= move quickly between two things, e.g. trees)
Almost every day I catch a glimpse of a woodpecker darting in and out of the pine trees near my house.
in one’s own backyard (= near where one lives)
You never really see rare birds like owls in your own backyard.
ten a penny / dime a dozen (= very common)
Sparrows are ten a penny in my city - you can see them everywhere.
Topic 40: Photography
· Do you like taking photographs of new places?
· Is photography popular in your country?
· What kinds of photographs do you like looking at?
· Would you prefer to buy a postcard or take a photograph of a new place?
Nouns
snapshot likeness landscape shot studio print
Verbs
get (photos) developed pose for the camera
Adjectives
photogenic camera-friendly picturesque photographable
Idioms
do justice to... (= represent or illustrate... accurately)
Photographs don't do justice to the beauty of natural places.
touch...up (= repair... on the surface)
The good thing about digital photos is that you can much them up afterwards.
strike a pose (= position oneself in a certain way)
I never strike a pose in from of the camera - I'm not really photogenic.
zoom in on (= use a zoom lens to get a closer view on a camera)
My camera has a zoom lens so I can really zoom in on things and get fine detail in my shots
Topic 41: Flowers
· Do you like flowers?
· On what occasions do people give flowers in your culture?
· Do any flowers have a special meaning in your culture?
Nouns
flora petal lotus flower a bunch of (roses etc.)
florist hay fever a bouquet of flowers
artificial flower (= silk flower)
Verbs
cultivate sneeze
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