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Regional Alliances

Foreign Policy

Overview

Kazakhstan’s foreign policy was formulated shortly after Kazakhstan gained its independence on December 16, 1991. The first President of the independent Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, indicated that diplomacy’s main objective was to create and maintain favorable conditions for steady development of the Kazakhstan based on political and economic reforms. The nature of these reforms determines the nation’s foreign policy priorities, impartiality, and a desire to be fully involved in both international and regional events.

Primary Goals

The primary goals of Kazakhstan’s foreign policy are as follows:

· Protect national interests.

· Provide favorable conditions for political and economic development.

· Develop strategic cooperation with leading countries and regions of the world.

· Improve cooperation with international organizations.

· Strengthen democratic principles within the new world order.

· Contribute to global and regional security and stability while opposing new threats such as, terrorism, drug trafficking, and organized crime.

· Participate in the processes of regional and global economic integration.

· Promote democracy as well as social and human development.

· Protect the environment and sustain development.

Key Decisions

The Government made key decisions and adopted policies regarding:

· The military

· Politics

· Economics

· Democratic reforms

· A new state governing system

These decisions were essential in easing Kazakhstan’s transition to the world community and helped create a foreign policy in harmony with the global political trend towards liberalization.

One of the most important decisions Kazakhstan made during the last 15 years was to become a non-nuclear state and pursue a policy of nonproliferation. Kazakhstan’s diplomacy was successful in developing positive relations with 140 countries and helping it to become a member of 64 international political and economic organizations. In March 1992, Kazakhstan was accepted into the United Nations Organization and has played an active role in its initiatives for the past 18 years. There have been no conflicts or confrontations between Kazakhstan and other countries to date, thus further underscoring the effectiveness of the nation’s diplomacy.

Regional Alliances

Kazakhstan continues to develop regional alliances in every corner of the world because of the increasing significance of globalization and economic integration. Many countries recognize their national goals can only be achieved through developing regional cooperation. For this reason, Kazakhstan has undertaken efforts to promote regional economic integration. For example, the city of Astana has increased its cooperation with the:

· Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

· Eurasian Economic Association

· Central Asian Economic Association

· Shanghai Cooperation Organization

In early 2005, Kazakhstan called on its neighbors to help establish the Central Asian Union based on the following shared characteristics:

· History

· Ethnicity

· Culture

· Economy

· Challenges

· Future interests

· Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

· Eurasian Economic Association

· Central Asian Economic Association

· Shanghai Cooperation Organization