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VOCABULARY

Переведите c помощью экономического словаря термины, которые вы встретите в текстах данного урока:

I. Прочтите текст и переведите его со словарем:

3.1. Job Ads: Reading Between the Lines

Checking out job advertisements is popular with executives worldwide. But though the activity is universal, is the same true of the advertisements? Are executive positions in different countries advertised in the same way? A comparison of the jobs pages of The Times of London and Le Monde of Paris suggests not.

First, what UK job seekers consider job essential piece of information what the post pays is absent from French and German adverts. It is often left to applicants to raise this themselves. In contrast, most British advertisements mention not only salary, but also other material incentives including a car and fringe benefits. French or German advertisements rarely refer to these.

The attention given to rewards in the UK indicates the importance of the job and its responsibility. In France and Germany, the level of experience and qualifications demanded gives that information. Salary can be assumed to correspond with this.

If French and German adverts are vague about material rewards, they are precise about qualifications. They usually demand a degree in something, not simply 'a degree'. In Germany, for example, a technical director for a machine tool company will be expected to have a Diploma degree in Mechanical Engineering.

French advertisements go further. They may specify not just the type of university degree, but sometimes a particular set of institutions.

All this contrasts with the vague call for 'graduates' (or 'graduate preferred'), which is found in the UK. British companies often give the impression that they have a particular type of applicant in mind, but are not sure about the supply and will consider others. Their wording suggests hope and uncertainty, as in this advertisement from The Times: 'whilst educational standards are obviously important, a large measure of personal oomph* is likely to secure the success of your application.'

In the UK qualifications beyond degree level make employers nervous, but in France or Germany it is difficult to be 'overqualified'. Many people on German executive boards have doctorates and the French regard five or six years of intensive post-baccalaureate study at the university as ideal training. British managers are not selected primarily for their intelligence, as managers are in France, or for their expert knowledge, as in Germany. Instead, the British give importance to social, political and leadership skills.

This difference also shows in the personal qualities mentioned. British advertisements stress energy, ability to communicate and motivate. German advertisements like achievement, but it tends to be less personality-driven. German companies want candidates with sound knowledge, experience and competence in their field. They rarely recruit novices, as do British employers. French advertisements refer more to intellectual qualities like analytical aptitude and independence.

Even the tone of the job advertisements is different in the three countries. By French and German standards, British advertisements are very racy**. They attract young executives with challenges such as: 'Are you reaching your potential?' where French and German advertisements are boringly direct, aiming to give information about the job rather than to sell it.

All this points to three different conceptions of management. The French regard it as intellectually complex, the Germans as technically complex, and the British as interpersonally complex. But they agree on one thing: it's complex.

*oomph = enthusiasm

** racy = bold, exciting

II. Подберите слова или выражения из раздела А, соответствующие значениям слов или словосочетаний из раздела В.

В 1. fringe benefits 3. stages in recruiting 5. people looking for work

2. education 4. personal qualities

III. Дополните текст «Casualties of the Trade Wars» подходящими по смыслу предложениями, приведёнными ниже:

a) The 150 sweaters she sent off last week to Saks Fifth Avenue were the last order of the company's books.

b) As a result, Robertson has laid off her first worker in her production plant in the Scottish borders town of Ha wick, where more than half of Europe's cashmere goods are produced.

c) With the spring shows just around the corner, this is normally a busy time of year for Belinda Robertson, an Edinburgh-based producer of cashmere clothing for fashion houses, boutiques and department stores.