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4. What are artificial intelligence and statistical machine translation methods?
The main component of the AI translation model is its so-called «knowledge base». According to an AI-based translation model the results of linguistic analyses at all language levels are verified against extral-linguistic information contained in the knowledge base.
In AI-based translation models disambiguation procedures are radically different and based first and most of all on the analysis of situation and background information (knowledge base), whereas purely linguistic context analysis methods serve only as secondary back-up tools.
5. What is computer-aided translation? How is it used in human translation?
computer-aided translation is a tool to assist human translation. a translator is using a machine translation system (usually a direct translation variety) for the search of equivalents both for individual words and small text fragments.
Lecture 17.
Compare the principles of literary translation and those of official document translation.
literary translation is more art than craft which is accounted for by the nature of literary texts. Translation of a literary text is unique and unprecedented; it cannot be standardised and obeys almost no rules.
Unlike literary texts the texts of official documents are highly standardised: this applies both to the structure of the whole text (macrostructure) and to the arrangement of individual paragraphs and sentences (microstructure).
2. What is peculiar about the text of official documents?
texts the texts of official documents are highly standardised: this applies both to the structure of the whole text (macrostructure) and to the arrangement of individual paragraphs and sentences (microstructure).
3. What is a text frame? Define it. What are the frame slots and slot fillers? Give examples of text frames with slots.
A frame is understood as a set language structure with changeable elements
The changeable elements within a text frame are called slots.
the blank spaces represent the slots to be filled with slot fillers (by the date, company names, addresses etc. in this example).
4. What is the main approach to the translation of official documents?
The task of a translator translating official documents is to find target language equivalents of the source text frames and use them in translation as standard substitutes, filling the slots with frame fillers in compliance with the document content.
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