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1. a) Refer the following sentences to the past.
Pattern: He can install this equipment.
He could install this equipment.
He was able to install this equipment.
1. She can translate this English article. 2. He can’t finish this work in time. 3. Can they compile programs? 4. Nobody can do it better.
b) Refer the following sentences to the future.
Pattern: He can install this equipment.
He will be able to install this equipment.
1. He can take part in the competition. 2. They can make a good report. 3. I can’t buy this book. 4. Can you understand it?
2. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Numbers canbe multiplied in any order. 2. Fractions cannot be added if they have no common denominator. 3. Will yoube ableto solve this problem? 4. They could have taken their examination yesterday. 5. Computers areable to store information in binary patterns. 6. We shall be able to examine this apparatus tomorrow. 7. You could have asked him to help you in your calculations. 8. Can it be true? 9. Can he know programming well? 10. He can’t have read this book very quickly. 11. Can she still be speaking to the dean? 12. Can he have succeeded in solving all the problems? 13. Lines of text can be rearranged on the screen or sent to the printer. 14. Can you install this device?
3. a) Refer the following sentences to the past.
Pattern: He may be present at the meeting.
He might be present at the meeting.
He was allowed to be present at the meeting.
1. He may use my computer. 2. You may go for a walk. 3. We may put off the meeting till tomorrow. 4. You may come in.
b) Refer the following sentences to the future.
Pattern: He may be present at the meeting.
He will be allowed to be present at the meeting.
1. He may speak to her. 2. I may join them. 3. I may rewrite my test. 4. He may delay the meeting with his advisor.
4. Translate into Russian.
1. MayI use these diagrams? 2. They may have worked in the laboratory yesterday. 3. The instrument may have been improved because it has become better. 4. They were allowed to take these mathematical magazines home. 5. He may study at the University. 6. He may not have heard the news that’s why he looks as if nothing had happened. 7. May I ask you to explain this rule once more? 8. He may ring me up in the evening. 9. He may have rung me up in the evening.
5. a) Refer the following sentences to the past.
Pattern: He must go there.
He had to go there.
1. She must translate this English article. 2. He must speak to her. 3. The students must to write this test again. 4. They must stay at home.
b) Refer the following sentences to the future.
Pattern: He must go there.
He will have to go there.
1. He must take part in the discussion. 2. He must learn the new words. 3. Must you speak to him? 4. I must listen to him.
6. Translate into Russian.
1. You’ll have to repeat the experiment. 2. He musthave worked hard at his English. 3. It musthave taken him much time to prepare for the exam. 4. I could find nothing on mathematical logic in these books and I had to look through a lot of scientific magazines. 5. You will have to work hard to finish the work in time. 6. You must turn this fraction into a mixed number. 7. We had toperform long computations to check the answer. 8. The results must be available in some way to the user. 9. Most data must eventually be stored on disk for later use.
7. Translate into Russian.
1. You should consult a specialist before you take a decision. 2. You should have tested the device more carefully. 3. You shouldhave been more careful with this instrument. 4. She ought to have known this rule better. 5. They should have been examined the machine again. 6. Our laboratory should be provided with all necessary instruments. 7. You ought to be careful with electrical appliances. 8. You are to be in time. 9. You were to translate this article from English into Russian using a dictionary. 10. We are to meet at 2 p.m.
8. Translate the text into English.
ОПТИЧЕСКИЙ КОМПЬЮТЕР
С 1970 года стало очевидным (apparent), что существует возможность (possibility) для создания (construction) вычислительного устройства (device), в котором сигналы способны передаваться лучами лазерной радиации, а не электрическим током (by beams of laser radiation rather than electric currents). Есть мощный стимул (powerful incentive), чтобы разработать оптический компьютер (to work out an optical computer). Он может работать быстрее, чем электронный компьютер. При создании оптического компьютера должны быть использованы разнообразные схемы (various circuits). Многие из элементов, нужные для создания интегрированной оптической схемы (needed to make an integrated optical circuit), конструкторы уже демонстрировали.
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