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Discussion point

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  9. Give an outline of the major points of the text. Write the summary of the text (200-250 words) and present it in class.

Living on Planet Earth

Life in the 3d Millennium

City Life

Discussion point

In small groups, talk about your answers to these questions:

  1. What is the population of the major cities in your country? Is overcrowding a problem?
  2. What might be some problems in a big city? What are the problems in your city?

 

Vocabulary Development:

 

priority affluent

trash efficient

produce developing countries

gridlock mass transit

tube pedestrian zone/ crossing

predict recycling plant

worsen cause

solve overcrowded

decrease excitement

commute involve

I. Guess the meaning of the underlined words:

 

  1. People who study population growth predict a nightmare by the year 2025: the global population will be more than 8 billion, and almost 4 billion of these people will be living in cities in developing countries.
  2. People spend hours in gridlock – that is, traffic so horrible that it simply doesn’t move – when they commute daily from their homes to their work and back.
  3. It might not be a surprise to find that life in affluen t cities is improving, but what about cities that aren’t rich?
  4. Under his leadership, city planners established priorities – in other words, a list of what was most important.
  5. In neighbourhoods that garbage trucks can’t reach, people bring bags of trash to special centers.
  6. They exchange the trash for fresh produce – such as potatoes or oranges – or bus tickets.
  7. At a recycling plant, workers separate bottles, plastic, and cans from other trash.
  8. Curitiba needed a mass-transit system but couldn’t afford an expensive subway. City planners began, instead, with an unusual system of buses.

 

II. To guess the meaning of a new word from the context, you may find it helpful to know its part of speech; that is, is the word a noun, a verb, an adjective, or an adverb? Many words can be more than one part of speech.

E.g. He tried to answer the question. (Here, answer is a verb; it is part of the infinitive to answer)

It’s difficult to find an answer to the problem. (Here, answer is a noun).

 

a) Find these words in the dictionary. State the part of speech of the following words (noun, verb, adjective or adverb). Some words, in different contexts, can be more than one part of speech:

 

terrible water produce

discipline expert enormous

value commute mystery

original farm individual

pleasant smog trash

air improvement illness

 

b) Study and pronounce the following words:

 

answer; cause; change; contrast; crowd; focus; house; increase; study; worry.

III. Complete each sentence with words from the list. Use the same word for both blanks of each item, and define the part of speech (noun or verb):




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