The word «pharmacy» comes from Greek and in the modern language means «a drug». The civilization of the past contributed to our present knowledge by the collection of drugs and medicinal preparations. Pharmacy was an integral part of medicine when preparative pharmaceutical techniques were simple. It became an independent branch of medicine when an increasing variety of drugs and their complex compositions demanded specialists familiar with such technologies.
However, only in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries chemical knowledge advanced to the point at which it became capable to contribute significantly to pharmacology. The first and the most important was the isolation in relatively pure chemical form of the active constituents of plants. For example, in 1806 Serturner isolated morphine from opium. It took man over five thousand years to make this very important step.
The industrial revolution of the last century gave birth to synthetic organic chemistry and established a new branch of knowledge necessary for the synthesis of new drugs. At present pharmacy is defined as the art and science of recognition, identification, collection, preparation, storage, test, composition and distribution of all substances used in preventive or in curative medicine for people’s treatment. It includes different subjects, such as physics, chemistry, botany, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, etc. which pharmaceutical students master to become highly good qualified pharmaceutists.
Задание 2. Найдите в тексте и выпишите с транскрипцией и переводом:
1. существительные, производные от глаголов: to compose, to recognize, to store, to treat, to distribute, to synthesize to test, to constitute, to specialize, to vary, to prepare;
2. прилагательные,производные от существительных: necessity, medicine, chemistry, purity, cure, pharmacy, organ, importance, prevention, synthesis;
3. глаголы, производные от существительных: definition, means, contribution, increase, establishment, isolation, usage, advancement, inclusion, identification;
4. наречия - производные от прилагательных: relative, significant, high.
Задание 3. Переведите слова и словосочетания из текста.
новая отрасль науки; знакомый с; происходить от; такой как; человечеству понадобилось 5 тыс. лет; однако; внести значительный вклад; дать начало (импульс); овладевать; например, и так далее.
Задание 4. Найдите в тексте и переведите I, II, III, IV основные формы глаголов (см. к\р № 1 грамм. разделы курса).
Задание 5. Выпишите из текста все неправильные глаголы в трех формах и переведите.
Задание 6. Подчеркните сказуемое следующих предложений, укажите время, видо временную группу, залог.
1. The industrial revolution of the last century gave birth to synthetic organic chemistry and established a new branch of knowledge necessary for the synthesis of new drugs.
2. The word «pharmacy» comes from the Greek and in the modern language means «a drug».
3. At present pharmacy is defined as the art and science of preparation and distribution of all substances used in medicine.
Задание 7. Измените следующие предложения, используя конструкцию there + be.
1. Pharmacy includes different subjects, such as physics, chemistry, botany, pharmacognosy, pharmacology, etc.
2. The civilization of the past had preparative techniques.
Задание 8. Преобразуйте предложения в пассивную форму и переведите.
1. In 1806 Serturner isolated morphine from opium.
2. Pharmaceutical students master physics, chemistry, botany, pharmacology.
3. An increasing variety of drugs and their complex compositions demanded specialists familiar with such technologies.
Задание 9. Поставьте к предложениям общий вопрос и дайте два кратких ответа (положительный и отрицательный).
1. Pharmaceutical students master different subjects to become highly qualified pharmaceutists.
2. The civilization of the past contributed to our present knowledge by the collection of drugs.
3. At present pharmacy is defined as the science of preparation, test, distribution of all substances used in medicine.
4. Pharmacy was an integral part of medicine.
5. The word «pharmacy» comes from the Greek and in modern language means «a drug».
Задание 10. Дайте ответы на английском языке.
1. When did chemical knowledge advance to contribute significantly to pharmacology?
2. What did the industrial revolution do?
3. How is pharmacy defined at present?
4. Which contribution was the isolation of the active constituents?
5. Why do pharmaceutical students master so many subjects?
6. When did pharmacy become an independent branch of medicine?
7. How long did it take man to make this very important step?
8. Where does the word «pharmacy» come from?
9. What specialists did an increasing variety of drugs demand?
10. Who contributed to our present knowledge of pharmacy?
Вариант № 3
Задание 1. Прочтите текст и переведите.
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