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V. CONCLUSIONS

46. The Working Group notes that Fiji has an established tradition of well-trained, disciplined and highly skilled military and security personnel who perform security functions in various capacities worldwide. Several interlocutors confirmed their experiences that Fijians are reliable in hot spots and are very professional, stress-resistant and appreciated colleagues. The Working Group notes that security work is a major source of income for the country and for individuals and local communities; third only to a US$ 6 billion sugar industry and a US$ 2 billion tourism industry. Remittances of overseas work are crucial for many rural areas in Fiji. It appears to be this mixture of supply and incentives, coupled with a limited to non-existent legal framework, which has created a breeding ground for the recruitment of Fijians to work for PMSCs.

47. The Working Group is concerned by information it has received indicating that Fijians recruited by private security companies have been exploited. As indicated above, thousands of Fijians have in recent years been lured into paying fees for prospective security work abroad which did not materialize. The information received also indicates that in a number of cases, contracts were signed under fraudulent conditions, either immediately upon departure or upon arrival in the country of destination. Many Fijians have also experienced contractual irregularities and poor working conditions, including excessive working hours, partial or non‑payment of salaries, ill-treatment and the neglect of basic needs such as access to medical services.

48. The Working Group is concerned by the absence or limited reintegration measures available to Fijians who have performed security work abroad upon the return to their communities in Fiji.

49. The Working Group is concerned at the absence of national legislation and measures in Fiji to effectively address these issues. It encourages the Fiji authorities to take positive action in order to ensure that private military and security companies in Fiji operate within a legal framework in full accordance with international human rights standards.

50. The Working Group is also concerned by persistent forms of traditional mercenarism in the region, in particular by the situation in the autonomous island province of Bougainville in Papua New Guinea, where former Fijian soldiers were recruited in 2005 to undertake mercenary activities.