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The Cold War at Home and Abroad

The Second World War accelerated the process of decolonization al over the world – the empires were no longer able to resist the demand c colonies for independence. As the two world's great powers – the USA am the USSR had already emerged, the adherence of other countries to eithe democratic or communist ideology became of primary importance.

After Japan had been defeated, its empire was divided between th United States and the Soviet Union – the former accepted Japanese sur render south of the 38^th parallel and the latter – north of it. This dividin] line marked further escalation of tension on both sides.

The interests of both countries clashed in China, where the Chines Communists came to power. In 1949, the Chinese leader Mao Zedon; announced that his country would be "leaning to one side" in the Coli War – the side of the Soviet Union. In fall 1949, when the People' Republic of China was proclaimed, the USA stopped formal diplomat* relations with China. This policy of non-recognition continued till 1979

In 1950, the Korean War became a logical continuation of the Coli War policy in Asia. In June 1950, the troops of the Democratic People' Republic of Korea (North Korea) crossed the 38^th parallel and invaded tin Republic of Korea (South Korea). President Truman sent American troop under the command of General Douglas MacArthur to Korea.

The war lasted for three years with neither side's success; the fina agreement was reached only in July 1953. The war itself began a matter o hot debates in the USA, finally giving way to a plan of global defense. Thi military budget of the USA grew, and a new military treaty with Australi; and New Zealand – the ANZUS (Australia, New Zealand, the USA Treaty was signed in 1951 to create a new military organization.

The policy of the Cold War heightened anti-communist feelings a home. The anti-communist hysteria started when Senator Joseph R. Me Carthy claimed that he had a list of 205 known communists in the Stafc Department. During the anti-communist crusade McCarthy charged man officials with treachery, getting support over the nation. Anti-communisn soon grew into witch-hunt, when innocent people were often accused. TiJ today the term "McCarthyism" in America remains the synonym for tb worst domestic excesses of the Cold War.

Task 1. Answer the following questions.

1.What were the causes of World War II?

2.What was the attitude of Americans to this war?

3.When did the USA enter the war?

4.What did D-Day mark?

5.What were the spoils of the Potsdam Conference?

6.What was the effect of World War II on the USA?

7.Why did the development of the Cold War seem inevitable after World War II?

8.When did the Cold War begin?

9.What military treaty gave way to a global defense system?

10. What were the consequences of the anti-communist witch-hunt in the USA?

Task 2. Vocabulary development. State the meaning of the following words and fill in the gaps.