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Ex. 1. Read the article “Major Types of Competition” by Ron Kurtus. Decide which type of competition is more common in sport. Which kind of sport is each type of competition related to?
A competition is a contest where two or more people or organizations compete for a prize or reward. The types of competition are performance, head-to-head and predatory.
Performance competition. It is where the performance of the contestants is the criteria for winning or losing. Each is only trying to do his or her best. A pure (or blind) performance competition is where contestants have no knowledge or a minimal amount of knowledge about their opponents. Examples include competing for a job, entrance into college etc. In an affected competition, contestants may know the reputation and performance of the opponents. Knowledge of the opponent is an important factor in this type of competition. Controlling the opponent's knowledge of your reputation and performance is a major strategy used in trying to win. Examples include competing in getting a top grade in school, a talent contest etc.
Head-to-head competition. In head-to-head competitions, you not only want to perform well, but you also try to prevent your opponents from performing or scoring points. Both offense and defence are used. Often this type of competition matches two people or teams against each other. Examples include war (when both sides declare war), political campaign etc.
Predatory competition. In a predatory competition, one person, group or country attacks another or tries to get what belongs to the other. This is where the strong take from the weak. Usually, one side is on the offense, while the other is only on the defence. Sometimes who can perform the best determines whether the predator wins or the victim gets away. But also, predatory competition can turn into a head-on-head competition and even result in the predator being defeated. For example, robbery: a robber is competing for the money of another person. This is a predatory or unprovoked competition. The robber is on the offense and the person or victim may go on the defensive, trying to protect his property or safety.
In general, in the performance competition, each competitor is judged on how well he or she does. Knowledge of opponents can affect the performance. In a head-to-head competition, each goes on both offense and defence, trying to score points while deterring the opponent. In a predatory competition, one side attacks, while the other tries to stave off the attack.
Ex. 2. Study different kinds of sport events. Give examples. Add more if you know any.
Contest is arranged by a sponsor, with agreed upon rules, so that somebody can defeat other contestants and win a prize of some kind.
Competition is a more general phenomenon. It has a meaning of "a contest for something" which is from 1610s.
Match is a formal contest in which two or more persons or teams compete.
Tournament consists of multiple matches between contestants and comes from contest between groups of knights on horseback. Modern use, in ref. to games of skill, is recorded from 1761.
Euro cup is a precursor to the confederation's cup which is held 1 year prior to the world cup. The Euro cup is a competition between all eligible European countries held every 4 years, like the World and Confederation cups. The winner of which usually ends up being heavy favourites for the following world cup...winning the Euro cup does not qualify a team into the world cup.
World cup is a competition again held every 4 years with 32 of the best teams from around the world. Like the Euro cup, there's a qualification process for teams to go through before the tournament starts. Qualification usually starts after the continent's major competition (i.e. The Euro cup).
The Champions League is regarded as the most prestigious club tournament in world football (even though only teams from Europe can compete), and its participants are generally the cream of the continent.
Teams can only qualify to play in the Champions League via their domestic league position. Different countries' leagues are allocated a certain number of places in the competition according to co-efficients calculated by UEFA. For instance, large nations like England and Spain receive 4 places in the competition, while smaller nations will receive fewer. Sixteen top teams are admitted straight to the group phase of the competition, while the remainder enter a qualification tournament to fill the other 16 spaces. The thirty-two teams are divided into eight groups of four, both teams playing each other twice, and the top two teams in each group qualify for the knock-out stages. Two-legged ties are played until the final two remaining sides contest a single match to determine who will be crowned Champions of Europe.
The UEFA Cup is somewhat of an understudy to the Champions League. Places can be gained in the competition via domestic league positions and also by winning domestic cup competitions (or finishing runners-up in some cases). The competition used to take the form of a straight knock-out but now also has a short group phase.
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