The Nizhny Novgorod city is the most economically progressive and reformist in Russia. History decreed that the Nizhny Novgorod city should be the “heart of Mother Russia”, situated as it is in the very centre of the European part of the Russian Federation, on the banks of the Volga River.
Nizhny Novgorod recently regained its original name, having been renamed as Gorky in 1932 in honour of the celebrated author Maxim Gorky, who was born in Nizhny Novgorod.
Nizhny Novgorod is situated in the central-European part of Russia at the confluence of the Volga and the Oka Rivers. The city has advantageous geographical location for economic and social development. The city covers an area of 41,100hectares. Its population is 1,280, 300 inhabitants; average age of them is 36 years. Russian population comprises 95%. The city has 8 administrative districts.
Nizhny Novgorod occupies the 5th position among most populated and industrially developed cities in Russia, is a centre of the Nizhny Novgorod Region and a recognized capital of the Volga Economic Region.
There are 137 large and middle-scale enterprises in Nizhny Novgorod. Main industries are: motor-vehicle, engineering, metal-working, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, medical, light and woodworking. The city produces 70% of the county’s output in machine-building industry.
The city was founded in 1221 by Grand Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich as a military fortress. The first wooden and earth fortress had a beneficial location from the military and strategic point of view. The Kremlin was built. In the first years two white-stone temples were built in the Kremlin. It proves the fact that the city wanted to play a special role in the system of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus. In late 15th – early 16th centuries the first stone Kremlin was built which became an outstanding example of Russian fortification art.
The magnificent geographical situation of the town was instrumental in making Nizhny Novgorod a major commercial centre in Russia in the 19th century. The widely-renowned Nizhny Novgorod trade fair, which first took place in the 16th century near the monastery at Makarev, moved to the city in 1817, and became the largest trade fair in Russia and one of the most important centres for wholesale and retail trading.
Historically Nizhny Novgorod has always been a leader in Russia. And the future of Russia is being written in Nizhny Novgorod.
Despite its rich historical heritage, Nizhny Novgorod tends to be better known as the city to which Andrei Sakharov, “father of the H-bomb”, then later awarded the Nobel Prize for his work defending human rights, was exiled.
A great number of historical, architectural and cultural monuments has remained in the city, what gave premises to UNESCO for inclusion of Nizhny Novgorod in the list of 100 cities constituting world historical and cultural value. In the course of centuries of its history Nizhny Novgorod has been playing a noticeable role in the country’s life.
Nizhny Novgorod is a major scientific and cultural centre. There are many universities, theatres and museums there.
Contents
1. SAINT PETERSBURG……………………………………………………………3
2. MAIN SIGHTS OF ST.PETERSBURG..………………………………………….4
3. THE HERMITAGE………………………………………………………………...6
4. MOSCOW………………………………………………………………………….7
5. SIGHTS OF MOSCOW ……………………………………………………...……8
6. THE MOSCOW KREMLIN………………………………………………………10
7. THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC……………………………………………………..11
8. THE NATIONAL STATE SYMBOLS OF THE CHUVASH REPUBLIC ……...12
9. CHEBOKSARY (POPULATION, TERRITORY, etc) …………………………...13
10. THE CHEBOKSARY FORTRESS, THE HOLY TRINITY MONASTARY…….14
11. CHURCHES IN CHEBOKSARY, THE PRESENTATION CATHEDRAL……...15
12. CHEBOKSARY BAY……………………………………………………………...16
13. KONSTANTIN IVANOV………………………………………………………….17
14. THE ART MUSEUM, CHUVASH ARTISTS……………………………………..18
15. MUSEUMS IN CHEBOKSARY…………………………………………………...20
16. THEATRES IN CHEBOKSARY…………………………………………………..21
17. MONUMENTS TO FAMOUS PEOPLE ………………………………………….22
18. CHEBOKSARY AS A TOURIST DESTINATION ………………………………24
19. FOLK RITUAIS AND FESTIVALS IN CHUVASHIA…………………………...25
20. SPORTS IN CHEBOKSARY ……………………………………………………...27
21. NOVOCHEBOKSARSK …………………………………………………………..28
22. ALATYR …………………………………………………………………………..29
23. MARIINSKY POSAD, TSIVILSK, YADRIN …………………………………….30
24. THE MUSEUM OF COSMONAUTICS …………………………………………..31
25. FROM CHEBOKSARY TO TVER (BY WATER)………………………………..32
26. FROM CHEBOKSARY TO ASTRAKHAN (BY WATER) ……………………...34
27. KAZAN………………………………………………………………………..……35
28. NIZHNY NOVGOROD…………………………………………………………….37
Ëèòåðàòóðà.
1. Òèùåíêî, Ë. Ð. Welcome to Chuvashia: ó÷åáíîå ïîñîáèå / Ë. Ð. Òèùåíêî, Ò. Å. Ãðèãîðüåâà, È. È. Ïåòðîâà. – ×åáîêñàðû: ÑÏáÃÈÝÓ, ôèëèàë â ã. ×åáîêñàðû, 2004. – 92 ñ.
2. http://www.admgor.nnov.ru
3. http://en.wikipedia.org
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