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Noise nuisance is assessed differently from noise that is loud enough to cause hearing damage. Instead of using a set noise limit, noise nuisance is normally assessed relative to the background noise. This is done by measuring noise levels with the annoying sound occurring, then repeating the measurement in the absence of the annoying sound - this is called the background noise. Then two noise levels are compared. If the noise level with the annoying sound occurring exceeds the background noise by 10 dBA or more, local councils usually consider this constitutes a statutory nuisance. A difference of 10 dBA or more is usually considered sufficient evidence for the Council to issue a Noise Abatement Notice, requiring that noise levels be reduced by a certain amount and within a set time. Failure to comply can result in fines of up to £20,000.
Sometimes, local councils advise that the noise should be reduced even if it does not exceed the background by 10 dBA.
Aircraft and traffic noise is exempt from the noise nuisance laws. Under certain conditions, grants are provided for sound insulation to be installed in houses affected by high noise where a new road is built or major changes occur on an existing road, such as upgrading to a dual carriageway.
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