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Perfect Tenses
Show an action completed before a definite moment, connected with it.
| Past Perfect indicates 1. an action completed before a certain moment in the past. # My brother was hungry, but when he came we had already had breakfast. # He had finished his work when I called him. Note: The Past Indefinite is used with after, before, when, if the order of events is obvious. # He had a short rest before he went on with his work. # When I wrote the letter, I posted it. | Present Perfect indicates 1. a completed action connected with the present. # He has had breakfast (he is full) Note: The only thing, which matters here, is the result: the time when the action took place is of no importance. # I have seen this film (I can discuss it with you now). Questions in the PP never start with when: # When did you see this film? | Future Perfect indicates 1. an action completed before a definite moment in the future # He will have finished his breakfast when his brother arrives. |
Read each numbered statement. Then circle the letter of the sentence that is similar in meaning.
1. By this time tomorrow, I'll have decided which car to buy.
a. I know which car I'm going to buy.
b. I haven't decided yet.
2. By the time you get home, we'll have finished studying.
a. You will get home while we are studying.
b. You will get home after we finish studying.
3. When I found a seat, the movie started.
a. First the movie started. Then I found a seat.
b. First I found a seat. Then the movie started
4. They won't have finished taping the show by ten o'clock.
a. They will still be taping at ten o'clock.
b. They will finish taping at ten o'clock.
5. Cristina invited the director on her show because he had won an Oscar.
a. The guest won the Oscar after his appearance on the show.
b. The guest won the Oscar before his appearance on the show.
6. By the year 2011, we will have moved to a larger office.
a. We will move to a larger office before the year 2011.
b. We will move to a larger office after the year 2011.
7. They will have finished Trudy's e-mail newsletter by five o'clock.
a. They'll be finished by five o'clock.
b. They'll still be working at five o'clock.
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