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What do people say in each situation? Use the verb given.
Example: Jack is running towards the bus stop, but he is too late to catch the bus. (miss) Oh bither, I’ve missed the bus!
1. Sheila is in the railway station looking worried. We can see her bag inside the train. The train is moving. (leave) (emergency handle)
2. Sue and Mark are meeting a friend at the station, but so far there is no sign of the train. (arrive)
3. Bill is at the bus stop. He is looking very worried and searching for his Travel Card in his pockets. (forget) (lose)
4. Sue is at the airport to meet friends. The light on the ‘Landed’ sign is now on. (land)
5. The driving instructor is shaking hands with George and smiling. (pass)
? Writing
a) You have had a class discussion about different forms of travel. Write an essay presenting the arguments for and against traveling by boat.
1. What type of essay should you write?
2. Should you short sentences, colloquial expressions and idioms? If not, why?
3. Which of the following points could be included in your essay? Tick (ü). Which points are pros and which are cons? Can you add any other ideas?
| 1cheaper than other forms of travel | ||||
| 2can be unpleasant in bad weather | ||||
| 3 lots of people go on sailing holidays | ||||
| 4 journeys can take a long time | ||||
| 5 more comfortable and enjoyable than other forms of transport | ||||
| 6 famous explorers traveled the seven seas |
| Introduction |
| Paragraph 1present topic (without stating your opinion) Main Body |
| Paragraph 2arguments for, with justifications/examples Paragraph 3arguments against, with justifications/examples Conclusion |
| Final Paragraphyour opinion/balanced summary |
b) Read the article and label the paragraphs with the correct headings. What is the writer’s opinion on the topic? Finally, replace the topic sentences in the main body paragraphs with alternative ones.
| · arguments against | · opinion | |||
| · arguments for | · present topic | |||
| Introduction | Did you know the boat was one of the forms of transport? A hundred years ago, the only way to make a journey across the sea was by boat. Nowadays, however, when it is possible to fly from one continent to another in the space of a few hours, is there any reason to travel by boat? Although the boat is a rather old-fashioned way of traveling, it has certain advantages. To begin with, boats are usually more comfortable than planes or cars. Instead of staying in your seat for the whole journey, you can go for a walk on the deck, eat in a restaurant, or even go shopping. Having more space to move around makes a long journey much more pleasant. Furthermore, boats are often cheaper than other forms of travel. For example, a boat ticket usually costs less than a plane ticket. Finally, boats are a safe alternative to cars and planes. There are fewer accidents at sea than in the air or on the roads. However, traveling by boat does have its disadvantages. It usually takes much longer than other forms of travel. As a result, it can be more tiring. In addition, boat trips can be very unpleasant when the weather is bad or the sea is rough, making journeys uncomfortable or even frightening. All things considered, although there are some disadvantages to traveling by boat, I believe it is a very enjoyable experience. Journeys may take longer, but if you have time to spare, you can take advantage of the many facilities which boats have to offer and enjoy a pleasant voyage. | Para 1 …………… …………… …………… | ||
| Main Body | Para 2 …………… …………… …………… | |||
| Conclusion | Para 3 …………… …………… …………… Para 4 …………… …………… …………… | |||
c) Read the article again and fill in the blanks below. Then, using expressions from the box on the right, talk about the pros and cons of traveling by boat.
| Main Body | Para 2 | FOR Arguments 1) more comfortable than other forms of travel 2) ……………………………. 3)…………………………….. | Justifications/Examples go for a walk, eat in a restaurant, go shopping, have more space to move around ………………………………… ………………………………… |
| Para 3 | AGAINST Arguments 1) ……………………………. 2)…………………………….. | Justifications/Examples ……………………………… ……………………………… |
Useful expressions and linking words/phrases
· to list and add points: in the first place, to start/begin with, secondly, thirdly, finally, in addition (to this), furthermore, moreover, besides. etc.
· to introduce or list advantages: the man/first/most important advantage of…, one/another/an additional advantage of…., one point of view in favour of…., it is often suggested/believed/argued that…., some/many people suggest/feel argue that…., some/many people are in favour of/are convinced that…. etc.
· to introduce or list disadvantages: the main/most important disadvantage/drawback of...., one/another/an additional disadvantage of…., one point/argument against…, some/many people are against…, etc.
· to introduce examples/reasons/results: for example/instance, such as, like, in particular, therefore, for this reason, because, as, since, as a result, etc.
· to show contrast: on the other hand, however, still. but, nonetheless, nevertheless. although, even though, despite/in spite of (the fact that), etc.
· to introduce a conclusion: in conclusion, to conclude/sum up, all in all, finally, lastly, all things considered, taking everything into account/consideration, etc.
d) Read the article again and replace the linking words/phrases in bold with synonymous ones. Then, say which of the linking words/phrases in the article are used to:
| a) list/add points | c) show contrast |
| b) introduce reasons/results | d) introduce a conclusion |
e) Underline the correct linking word/phrase.
1. Besides/Despite, television affects the way we think.
2. Many people are against/argue that we need advertisements in order to keep up to date with the latest products on the market.
3. One point of view against/in favour of travelling is that it allows you to meet people from different cultures.
4. Even though/Nevertheless most people nowadays use a computer at work, it will be a while before we stop putting our ideas down on paper.
5. For instance/Still, people who know how to play a musical instrument are usually popular and make friends more easily than others.
f) Read the paragraph below and underline correct linking word/phrase.
There are many advantages to having children at an early age. 1 ) To begin with/In addition to this, when you are young, you have a lot of energy. This means you can cope quite easily with children’s demands for constant care and attention. 2) To conclude/Secondly, young parents can relate to their children and 3) therefore/ nevertheless understand them better. 4) Yet/Finally, when you become a parent at an early age, you are still young enough to enjoy life when your child becomes independent.
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