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THE BIGGEST CITIES OF UKRAINE

Kyiv, the capital city of Ukraine, is one of the most ancient and beautiful cities. It has the population of near 3 million people. Its total area is 790 square kilometres.

Kyiv lies on the both banks of the Dnieper, one of the longest rivers in Ukraine. Spreading over the picturesque hills of the Dnieper Kyiv is immersed in green parks and gardens. It is one of the greenest cities in the world, it has 18 square metres of greenery for a person.

Kyiv is also the country's political, scientific and religious centre, and one of the largest industrial areas in the nation. There are a lot of places of interest in it, among them are the Golden Gate, which is about a thousand years old; Saint Sophia's Cathedral, the Kyiv's oldest surviving church; St. Michael's Cathedral, which was founded in 1108 then destroyed in 1935 and rebuild again.; there is the monastery ensemble, Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra, which was founded in the 11^th century. There are monuments to many well-known poets, writers and other famous people in Kyiv.

You can find a lot of fine museums in Kyiv: the State Historical Museum, the Museum of Ukrainian Art and so on. Kyiv is the centre of science and education. Many scientific research institutes, colleges and universities are in Kyiv.

Lviv. The city of Lviv was founded in the mid-13^th century by Prince Danylo and was named after his son, Lev. Situated in Western Ukraine between the basins of the Dnister and Western Bug rivers. Lviv is first mentioned in the ancient chronicles in 1256. This city has rich history, it was taken over by foreign aggressors but it could rebuild and became one of the most beautiful places in LIkraine. It was called 'Le petit Paris' due to its narrow streets crowded with ancient buildings, restaurants, cafes and night clubs.

Now Lviv is a major economic and cultural centre in the Western region of independent Ukrainian State. The population is almost 800,000 people. Lviv boasts of many monuments of the past. The different styles of the monuments range from Ukrainian traditional to Italian Renaissance and German baroque. Today they form a unique whole of the wonderful city of Lviv. The ancient monuments of architecture include churches, cathedrals and squares of Lviv. The city's largest park is Stryisky Park. It was established in 1877 and covers an area of 58 hectares. Lviv is also known for the Ivan Franko Opera and Ballet Theatre, built in 1900, the building is adorned by three allegorical sculptures: victory, glory and love; the Ukrainian drama theatre, the Philarmonic Society and others. Lviv State University, named after Ivan Franko, is one of the oldest in Eastern Europe. It's a huge complex of scientific establishments. Another place of great interest in this city is the Lviv Museum of Ukrainian Art, which was founded in 1905 and contains some of the richest treasures of the Ukrainian nation.

Chernihiv, the large garden city, is not only one of the most outstanding cities of Ukraine. In the 9^th century it was the centre of the Slav tribe of Siverians. The town is mentioned in the treaty of Oleh in 907. The town was named after Chernih (Black). Now it is one of its region's important social, economic, industrial, scientific and cultural centres. On the one hand its industrial chimneys, and on the other its 250 hectares of parklands, its lakes and rivers, sandy beaches of the Desna River, the deep forests, and the many fine examples of Ukrainian architecture, make Chernihiv a unique city of contrast - a city of golden church domes and industrial skylines.

Among the famous buildings there are the Chernihiv Collegium, The Church of Saint Paraskova piatnytsia, The Cathedral of Saints Boris and Hlib, The Church of Saint Katherine Regional Historical Museum and others.

Kharkiv is the capital of the rich north-east region of Ukraine. This area is not only very fertile but has large coal deposits and many industrial factories. Kharkiv is over 300 sq. km. in area. The city is a major rail junction and has become one of the chief economic, industrial and cultural centres of Ukraine.

Kharkiv was founded in 1656 by a Ukrainian, the Zaporozhian Cossack Kharko. It became a stronghold of military defence, and for many years was an important frontier headquarters of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. Nowadays the engineering industries of Kharkiv are the most important in Ukraine. The wide range of products includes locomotives, machine tools, mining machinery, agricultural machinery and others. Light industry is very strong too, producing foodstuffs and other costumer goods.

The architecture of Kharkiv is old and beautiful. The largest church is Pokrowskyi Sobor, built in 1689, Uspenskyj Sobor, built in 1777, St.Nicholas church and others. The Kharkiv's oldest university, founded in 1805, was the alma mater of many eminent Ukrainians, Mykola Lysenko, and the poet Mykhailo Staryckyj.

During some years between 1919 and 1934 Kharkiv was the capital of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic and the seat of the government was in Kharkiv.

Odesa lies on the north-west shores of the Black Sea, near the mouth of the Danube, Dnister, Bug and Dnieper rivers. Due to its situations it is the largest port and the forth largest city in Ukraine, and a prominent industrial, trading and'cultural centre. The city of Odesa is divided into specific regions; the central region, the harbour region, and the industrial and coastal region. The city population is nearly 1,100,700 people.

Today Odesa is not only the main port of Ukraine, but also a large centre and an important junction for sea, air and road transport as well as a main centre of scientific and scholarly life. It has a university founded in 1865, and numerous other institution of higher education. There are a number of museums and theatres, including Opera and Ballet Theatre, built in 1809, All of this, together with a warm coastal climate, sandy beaches and the healing muds of the Black Sea, create a large tourist centre.

Dnipropelrovsk is also the administrative centre of this region, is the third largest city in Ukraine. With the population of over one million people, this city is situated on the Dnieper River and covers the area of 400 sq.km. Dnipropetrovsk was founded by Potiomkin in 1776 and was named in the reign of the Empress Catheryna II Catherynoslav. In 1926 the city was renamed Dnipropetrovsk and since that time it was developed into one of the largest industrial centres of Ukraine, with the iron ore from the' Kryvyj Rih, Nikopol manganese, Donets Basin coal, and hydroelectric plants on the Dniper River.

Lutsk is the capital of Volyn region. The population of the city is over 250,000. The city is believed to be founded by Prince Volodymyr in 1000. The name of Lutsk came from the Ukrainian word "luka" (a meadow near the river). Lutsk has been known since 1085.

Lutsk is one of the cultural and educational centers of the western Ukraine. It boasts of the Lesia Ukrainka Theathers Training Institute, the Volyn' Ukrainian Drama Theatre, the Philarmonic Society, the Volyn Museum of Regional Studies.