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In every paragraph find one sentence showing the main idea of it.

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The value of knowing the answers to oppositing points was proved in a series of debates conducted during an election campaign to pass a law affecting farm labor. One side repeatedly charged that the opposition was financed primarily by the oil compa-nies. The public relations director for the opposition tried repeatedly to get the facts but didn't succeed until the campaign was almost over. The facts showed that the oil companies had given about 0,5 percent, but the information came almost too late to use.

It is particularly important to know who is going to ask questions. If it is a moder­ator, the speaker should know something about the way in which that moderator conducts a session. If it is a reporter, the speaker needs to know as much as possible about that person's style or approach. A friendly reporter may be after facts, but a hos­tile reporter may be hunting for something to confirm previously established convic­tions.

A hostile reporter might open an interview by asking, "Does your product contain a substance that can cause cancer?" The respondent might truthfully answer yes and never get a chance to explain that the quantity of the carcinogen is so low as to be insignificant. (Many natural foods containing no additives whatever contain minute \ quantities of substances that have, when given in enormous quantities, caused cancer ' in laboratory animals. Even peanut butter comes under this cloud.)

By studying the reporter or interviewer and the publication or program that he or she represents, you may be able to make some informed guesses as to the kind of ques­tions that are likely to be asked. Anticipating questions and preparing answers is a vital part of an interview. Fortunately for the person to be interviewed, many such sessions are devoted purely to fact-gathering. In such instances, the speaker merely needs to know what information is wanted and to have it ready. Your responsibility here is, inso­far as possible, to find out before the interview just what the reporter wants.

О Vocabulary:

pass a law - провести закон

affecting - касающийся, затрагивающий

charge - обвинять

primarily - в основном

succeed - преуспеть в ч.-л.

approach - позиция, точка зрения

hunt for smth. - охотиться за ч.-л.

confirm - подтверждать

conviction - убеждение

substance - вещество

cause - вызывать

cancer - рак

quantity - количество

carcinogen - канцерогенное вещество

additive - добавка

minute - минимальный

enormous - огромный

peanut butter - арахисовое масло

guess - предположение

anticipate - предполагать

devote - посвящать

moderator - посредник; председатель

conduct a session - проводить заседание

insofar as - поскольку, насколько, в той мере, в какой...

1) Find in the text the English equivalents. Use them in sentences of your own:

начать интервью; предварительно; к счастью для к.-л.; ряд дискуссий; неоднократно; честно; не иметь возможности; незначительный; в огромных количествах; в таких случаях.

2) Find the words in the text which describe or mean the following:

3. someone whose job is to control a discussion or argument and to help people reach an agreement -

4. to say publicly that you think someone has done something wrong -

5. a type of solid, liquid, or gas that has particular qualities -

6. to make something happen, especially something bad -

1. a substance that can cause cancer -

2. a substance, especially a chemical, that is added to something such as food, to pre­serve it, give it color, improve it etc. -

3) Match the words. Think of your own sentences with them:

4) Translate the following sentences into Russian:

5. Hundreds have charged that police used excessive force during the demonstra­tion.

6. Our advertising campaign has succeeded in attracting more customers.

7. The transportation of flammable substances is tightly regulated.

8. Heavy traffic is causing long delays on the freeway.

9. Foods sold under this label are guaranteed to be free from additives.

10.Sales are better than anticipated.

11.He agreed to assist us with moving and other expenses, insofar as he was able to do so.

5) Match the words which are close in their meaning:

6) Match the words having the opposite meaning:

Find in the text sentences with the modal verbsmay, might, should and the verbto need. Translate them into Russian and explain the usage of these verbs. Think of your own sentences with them.

8) Complete the sentences with the following words (primarily; charged; convictions;
succeed; hunting; confirm). Translate them into Russian:

1. One side repeatedly___________ that the opposition was financed____________ by

the oil companies.

1. The public relations director for the opposition tried repeatedly to get the facts but didn't until the campaign was almost over.

2. A hostile reporter may be____________ for something to_____________ previously

established_______________.

9) Insert prepositions where necessary (for; to; in):

an answer____ smth. to be devoted___________ smth.

to affect_________ smth. to cause__________ smth.

to hunt smth. some instances

10) Write questions for the following answers:

1. ________________________________? One side repeatedly charged that the

opposition was financed primarily by the oil companies.

2.________________________________? The facts showed that the oil companies

had given about 0,5percent.

3.________________________________? No, the information came almost too late

to use.

11) Can you explain the following:

• A friendly reporter may be after facts.

• Even peanut butter comes under this cloud.

12) Develop the following statements:

1. It is particularly important to know who is going to ask questions.

2. Anticipating questions and preparing answers is a vital part of an interview.

13) Translate in writing the paragraph beginning with the words: "A hostile
reporter..."

14) Render the following text in English:

Выясните заранее, какие темы или вопросы журналист хочет охватить и поговорите с ним как можно раньше до интервью.

В случае интервью с журналистом из печатного органа, познакомьтесь с ним и его статьями. Бывает полезно небольшое расследование в отношении других статей по данной теме или связанных с этим местными проблемами.

Общаясь с электронной прессой, расспросите журналистов, телевизионных радиорежиссеров об их аудитории. Если можно, посмотрите (послушайте) программу или ее записи. Когда интервью предстоит давать местным журна­листам, а культура и нравы этих мест незнакомы, то существенную помощь могут оказать местные жители, газеты и справочная литература.

Часто журналисты не говорят заранее о том, что могут спросить в интервью. Будьте готовы к сюрпризам, щекотливым вопросам и спорным проблемам.

Хотя ваша главная задача состоит в собственной подготовке, вы успешнее охватите тему, если поможете и журналисту лучше подготовиться к интервью. Нехватка времени у того во многом объясняет неудачные программы, которые воспринимаются как небрежное, неточное и несбалансированное освещение проблемы. Поэтому, помогая журналистам, вы помогаете и самому себе.

Подготовка к интервью может включать работу сотрудника по связям с общественностью с журналистом и ознакомление его с соответствующей спра­вочной литературой. Но любая информация, которую вы предоставляете зара­нее, должна быть краткой.

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